A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 16. (Veszprém, 1982)

Kiszely István: Csopakon előkerült „lékelt”-koponyájú csontvázleletek antropológiai feldolgozása

ISTVÁN KISZELY ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL FINDS WITH TREPHINED SKULL FOUND AT CSOPAK The skeletal finds with „trephined" skull are dated the X

—XI century in the Carpathian Basin. As a curiosity, some skulls of this kind are known from graves of the bronze age. At Csopak, from a grave of the Roman age which was rightly dated 1972, skeletons of two individuals, that of a woman and of a man, were discovered. Probably, but anthropologically it cannot be decided whether they formed a married couple or not. The woman is of about 50 years and the man younger, between 40—50 years. Between the two individuals of different sexes, there is a very great difference in size (plate 3 and 4), the man being very robust and the woman very gracile. The woman is of the Atlanto-Mediterranean type, very characteristic of the Romans, while the man is Nordic/Taurid, perhaps a local inhabitant, but in no way can he classified as an Italian type. The man suffered from severe joint troubles. At the right side, approximately in the middle region of the occiput a large wound healed in vivo can be found. The wound was ,,cut out" by a sharp cutting tool from the medial side, but its lateral side is a consequence of fructure. In the inflicted large wound haemostasis, disinfection were applied and the broken out and/or cut out occipital part was removed which implies that high-standard medical treatment was provided. The find is all the more important that the age of the skeletons can be precisely established and thus this is the first evidence from Pannónia concerning the medical treatment by Romans of a head wound. 34