A Balaton-felvidék népi építészete. A Balatonfüreden, 1997. május 21-23-án megrendezett konferencia anyaga (Szentendre-Veszprém, 1997)

Benda Gyula: A Keszthely környéki szőlőhegyek építkezése a hagyatéki és vagyonösszeírások tükrében (19. század első fele)

Architecture on the vineyard hills in the surrounding area of Keszthely based on data in the inheritance and property registrations (first half of the 19th century) GYULA BEN DA Vineyard settlements surround in a semicircle the market town Keszthely, northwest from the Balaton. They developed in the course of the 16th-18th centuries and their organization as vineyard municipalities was stabilized in the second half of the 18th century (Cserszegtomaj, Gyenesdiás, Vonyarcvashegy). The essay follows up the process of populating the vineyards by permanent inhabitants, presents the buildings erected in the vineyards on the basis of inventories of inheritance and deals at last with the characteristics of the furnishing of the dwelling rooms. 1. Tax registrations and baptismal registers inform about permanent population in the vineyard hills from the years 1770-1780 onwards. The number of this population is gradually increasing and by the end of the years 1810, resp. 1820 the process of populating the hills was speeding up. In 1851 37 % (2590 people) of the inhabitants of the former Keszthely used to live in the settlements in the vineyards. Some of these settlers kept oxen and cows, which means, they used to farm in addition to viniculture. They came directly from the farming community of Keszthely. Other settlers cultivated smaller or bigger vineyards and earned their living most probably as day laborers as well. This layer of settlers came mostly from the market town but also inhabitants of neighboring villages could have settled down here. According to contemporary reports, also the "poor people" used to live here around the years 1848. 2. According to the inventories of inheritance, following buildings were erected in a vineyard: cellar and presshouse are the most frequently mentioned, furthermore, room and kitchen and stable and barn. Occasionally sheds and cart-sheds are mentioned and sometimes a hut. From the years 1830 onwards appear the outside and inside cellars. The most simple building consisted of cellar and presshouse, which can be joint by room and kitchen as dwelling places and stable and barn. Value and number of buildings depended on the social status of the owners and the nature of the farm. We find valuable buildings in the vineyards of the richest artisans and traders of the town. Farmers, who cultivated their farms on the vineyard and kept their animals also there, have built the typical three units of dwelling house, cellar (with presshouse) and stable. These buildings were usually less valuable than such a farm in the town. Finally, several cellar and dwelling houses with room-kitchen of minor value are present. 3. The furnishing of the dwelling rooms in the vineyard houses fitted to the status of the owner and was similar to his furnishing in the town, however the furniture was cheaper. The farmers settling down in the vineyards after 1820 brought their furniture with them and arranged them cornerwise and since they lived here permanently, smaller objects (pictures, crosses) of everyday use are also present. It is probably that the poor archaic furnishing of the houses in the vineyard settlements, as we know them from ethnographic sources, have developed from the consolidation of this state and in the first half of the 19th century this might have been similar to the furniture of the town farmers, however in cheaper and more modest quality. 310