Az Alpokalja természeti képe közlemények 4. (Praenorica - Folia historico-naturalia. Szombathely, 2001)

Zagyva Tibor: Szubalpin gyepek mikológiai felmérése az Őrségi Tájvédelmi Körzetben

ZAGYVA T.: Szubalpmgyepek mikológiái felmérése az Őrségi Tájvédelmi Körzetben MYCOFLORA OF SUBALPINE MEADOWES OF THE ŐRSÉG LANDSCAPE PROTECTION AREA Tibor ZAGYVA Ч This monograph is primarily a prediction of grassland quality for environmental managements in Őrség Landscape Protection Area (Southwestern Hungary), based mainly on Hygrocybe species as indicators of habitat quality. In Őrség Landscape Protection Area (OLPA), Hygrocybe species are mainly found in unimproved, semi-natural grasslands, which are dependent on moving or grazing by animals. Unimproved semi-natural grassland is an endangered habitat all over western and northern Europe (NITARE, 1988; ARNOLDS, 1989; ERIKKSON et al., 1995), mainly due to fertilization, reclamation, decreasing number of grazing animals and when moving terminates. The very low levels of dissolved nitrate and phosphate are among the main characteristics of the soil of these grasslands. Hygrocybe species are often a pronounced and conspicuous elements of the semi-natural grassland vegetation during their fructification period, and some authors have introduced terms like "Hygrophorus meadow", "waxcap grassland" (ARNOLDS, 1980) to identify such habitats. The flora of vascular plants in these grasslands is usually very diverse, and several other groups of fungi have their major habitat in such grasslands, viz. Geoglossaceae, Dermoloma and subgenus Leptonia of Entoloma. All of these taxa are dependent on low levels of nutrients. Application of fertilizers will completely change the flora and funga in favour of more nitrophilous species (ARNOLDS, 1989). All the fungal species from the groups mentioned will disappear and will be replaced by trivial species from groups like Clitocybe, Conocybe, Panaeolus, Agaricus, Coprinus, Lepista, Macrolepiota. HYGROCYBE SPECIES AS INDICATORS OF HABITAT QUALITY Grasslands often represent very valuable landscape elements and many organisms included in red data books are restricted to "dry" grasslands. Therefore, it is important to preserve and protect these habitats. In a conservation context it may be useful to have a tool for assessment of the conservation value of a given locality. Hygrocybe species have been proposed as indicator organisms by several Scandinavian authors. RALD (1985) proposed the number of Hygrocybe species as an indicator of the quality of Danish grasslands. NITARE (1988) in Sweden has proposed to use the diversity of species of Geoglossaceae, Clavariaceae, Hygrocybe, Dermoloma, and Leptonia to classify the grasslands in the same four classes as RALD (1985). NITARE'S system is apparently more flexible, because the single groups of fungi may be used separately or together, but it requires a very good knowledge on 168