Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 13. (Szekszárd, 1986)

Janusz K. Kozlowski: The Late Lengyel-Polgár Groups in Poland

I could be a solution of this problem. The subsequent culture units occurred only in the Early Eneolithic, such as the Lublin-Volhyn group in the Lublin region and in Volhyn, with white painted ceramics, and in the Wisloka and San basin the socalled (the so-called) Rzeszów type. The emergence of the Lublin-Volhyn group with white painted ceramics was undoubtedly induced by influences from the Upper Tisza basin of the OboriinCicarovice phase with white painted ceramics. On the other hand, the stylistics of the classical Lublin-Volhyn group display many Tiszapolgár elements which chronologically places this group at a slightly later time (PI. 13). At the same time, the lithic industry of the Lublin-Volhyn group shows most analogies in respect of raw materials, technology and typology with the Tripolye industry, notably phase B (more precisely B2). This would confirm the suggested ocurrence (Zacharuk 1971) of white painted ceramics on the Tripolye phase B2 site in Horodnica on the river Dnester. The presence of so many allochthonous elements in the Lublin-Volhyn group does not contribute to the explanation of its origin, particularly as there is no data concerning the role of the local background, primarily that of the Malice culture. It is hardly conceivable that this group should have formed entirely as a result of the interference of the migration from the Upper Tisza and Upper Dnester. A certain influence of the Malice tradition is supported by the presence of carinated bowls, square mouthed pedestalled bowls notched on the rim. But numerically these elements were fewer than the small amphorae distinctive for this group, biconical bowls and pots, of which a part was decorated after firing by geometrical patterns applied in thick paint, most often the chequerboard design (Gurba 1973, Rauhut 1969, Nosek 1955). As we have said in the discussion of western Little Poland, the evolution of the Lublin-Volhyn group lasted longer until the Late Polgár horizon. At that time the settlement of this group vanished from the east where it was pushed out by the Funnel Beaker culture, while it persisted in western enclaves on the Miechow-Sandomierz Plateau e.g. in Ztota (notably in site I - PI. 12) and in Bronovice (Kruk, Milisauskas 1979). Parallel to the Lublin-Volhyn group, but further south (in the Wisloka and San basin) the so-colled Rzeszów type developed. It displays distinct Tiszapolgar links derived, however, from an environment other than Wezerów. The Rzeszów type occurs in the Carpathian Pediplain after a long hiatus which separates materials of this type from the preceding Malice culture. This hiatus may, however, be the consequence of insufficient investigations, especially as in Rzeszów assemblages some Malice stylistic features can be observed (e.g. indentations on rims and the deflected belly). In view of this we may conjecture that the Malice culture in this area persisted longer, represented by a phase without the stroke ornament. The Rzeszów type is known only from rather poor ceramic assemblages (Rzeszów-Lisia Gora, Rzeszów-Piastów pits 39 and 72, Przemysl-Budy), which yielded vessels with cylindrical necks and globular body, bowls on hollow pedestals- cylindrical or slightly flaring in the lower part, biconical and hemispherical bowls. Pottery is decorated with deep strokes arranged in horizontal or vertical rows or triangles. Less frequent is the incised ornament in the form of cartouches filled in with horizontal and vertical lines e.g. on the bottom of beakers with the 303