Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 13. (Szekszárd, 1986)

Dieter Kaufmann: Der Spätlengyel-Horizont im älteren Mittelneolithikum des Elbe-Saale-Gebietes

A fair number of copper artefacts appears in the Wyciaze-Zlotniki group, most from the cemetery in Nowa Huta-Wyciaze. These include daggers of the Bilcze Zlote type (Wyciaze - grave 6 and Goszyce - grave 1) known within the range of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture. Daggers like this occur in association with axes of the Jászladány type (e.g. the hoard from Horodnica II), though they were also exported to the Tripolye area. Bracelets made from copper wire were also found, having their parallels in the late Polgár horizon. The raw material for the manufacture of these artefacts suggents Transylvanian or Tisza basin origins. The presence of small and considerably scattered settlements (seven were recorded in the area of Nowa Huta), consisting of no more than 20 features associated with cemeteries (up to 13 graves) indicate a situation similar to that found in the Bodrogkeresztúr culture where settlements are small, too, but the associated cemeteries somewhat larger. The burial rites in the Nowa Huta and the Bodrogkeresztúr culture are alike. Another taxonomic unit linked with the late Polgár horizon is the VolhynLublin group represented in Western Little Poland by finds of the Bronocice-Izykowice type (PI. 5). This phase was distinguished by S. Siska (1972) on the basis of part of the materials from Ztota which contained elements of the classical VolhynLublin group together with stylistic elements typical of the Late Polgár (e.g. tall, wide vessels with funnel-like flaring necks, sometimes with a notched rim or a strip with indentations applied between the neck and the belly, wide conical vessels with a short neck and lugs at the base, wide vessels with globular belly and lugs near the rim, sometimes with fingertip impressions at the base of lugs; the presence of stylistic details such as a semicircular strip applied at the base of the lug, incisions in the lowest part of the belly, four short legs). The homogeneity of these elements has been proved by the discovery of a settlement in Bronocice containing pedestalled bowls with a square mouth and a strip applied between the bowl and the pedestal, amphorae with two handles, square mouthed pots, and types of wide vessels similar to those from Zlota (PI. 6). Out of ceramics bearing Late Polgár features, pit-comb pottery was found similar to pots in the Dneper-Donec culture. In Izykowice, besides, a fragment was found decorated with „Furchenstich" design. The settlement in Bronocice, representing the group under discussion, consisted of 77 explored pits surrounded by a ditch, „V" shaped in cross section, 3-5 m deep, defending an area of 190x200 m. One double grave was found in the settlement containing rich furnishing (Kruk, Milisauskas 1979). The occurrence of the Bronocice-Izykowice type of material in the western part of Little Poland shows that Volhyn-Lublin population groups had been pushed west by the settlement of the Funnel Beaker and the Tripolye culture, to take up the enclaves in the west part of the Little Poland Uplands which were not occupied by the Funnel Beaker settlement. The Bronocice settlement is dated at 2740-240 years BC, that is later than the Wyciaze-Zlotniki group, between phases II and III of the Funnel Beaker culture at this site. During the evolution of these Late Polgár groups we can observe an increase in the exploitation of chocolate flint at the northern edge of the Holy Cross Mountains. This corresponds to the increased frequency of this flint on sites representing the end of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture in the Upper Tisza basin (Hunyadi-halom and Male Zaluzice-Lazniany, cf. Kaczanowska 1980). A possibility cannot be excluded that small population groups directly penetrated from Eastern Slovakia, this 298