Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 13. (Szekszárd, 1986)

Janusz K. Kozlowski: The Late Lengyel-Polgár Groups in Poland

assumption is evidenced by the presence of assemblages resembling the Male Zaluzice-Lazniany group in the region of Nowa Huta near Krakow (site 55). Late Polgár elements play a certain role in Little Poland in the period of the formation of the Baden horizon (Wyciaze-Ksiaznice group - Kozlowski 1973). SILESIA The area of Upper Silesia remained within the range of the Malice culture followed directly by Kornice type materials which still contained some incised vessels as well as vessels decorated with red and white paint (Chochorowska, Chochorowski 1978). The taxonomic position of the Kornice type assemblages approximates them to the Pleszów group, suggesting its origins in Little Poland. There is a distinct discontinuity between materials from this group and the Malice culture in the Glubczyce Plateau. At the present state of investigations it is difficult to say whether phyletic links exist between Kornice type assemblages and the subsequent Lengyel assemblages affiliated to the unpainted phase and represented by the Ocice group. The earliest stage of Ocice group can be characterized as having all its features in common with the unpainted phase (Brodzany-Nitra) of the Lengyel culture in Slovakia (although different from phase II of the Moravian Painted Ware). It has been dated by pit 9 in Racibórz-Onice to 3740±55 years b.c. (PL 7). The evolution of the Ocice group falls into two stages distinquished by stratigraphy and typology (Kozlowski 1972). The late stage shows more Polgár elements (PL 8), and changes in the structure of lithic tool assemblages in consequence of the increasing indices of burins and length of blades. The late phase of the Ocice group persisted for a long time, probably until the first single elements of the Jordanów culture appeared in Upper Silesia and the Funnel Beaker culture spread. Regardless of the questionable chronological of the Funnel Beaker assemblages (Bukowska-Gedigowa 1975, PavelSik 1977), in Racibórz-Ocice we find that the two units, namely the Ocice group and the Funnel Beaker culture, are interstratified. Regretfully we do not have radiocarbon date for the late phase of the Ocice group; the data obtained for phase IIb of the Moravian Painted Ware from Jezefany-Marsovice in Moravia (Kostuïik et al. 1984) indicate that this phase persisted till 3170±50 and 3090±50 years BC. It is only during this horizon that the Jordanów elements appear. Thus the end of the Ocice group may have fallen at ca. 3200 years BC, or even later considering its interstratification with the Funnel Beaker culture. The development of the Ocice group covers a fairly long time-span, while at the same time the complex of sites in the Glubczyce and Opava Plateau is territorially clearly isolated. This complex is separated from Little Poland, as well as from Lower Silesia and Moravia. It comprises extensive multiphase settlements with rectangular above ground post buildings, or slightly sunk structures, measuring 5-6x2-3 m. The sites are usually located on terraces of larger rivers or banks of smaller streams, making up a fairly dense network. In Lower Silesia, that is on the territory initially occupied by the Stroke-Ornamented Pottery culture, assemblages of the Janówek type appear. Between this group and the Stroke-Ornamented unit there is a distinct hiatus. As far as taxonomy is concerned the Janówek assemblages are similar to the Kornice type, which also contain small quantities of stroke-ornamented pottery, and white painted ware (Wojciechowski 1969,1972). The Janówek assemblages maybe interpreted as 299