A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 46. (Nyíregyháza, 2004)

Régészet - Mikhailo Potushniak: Data the question of the Stračevo/Körös Culture dwellings in the Upper Tisza Region

Mikhailo Potushniak Subterranean house 3/82 (fig. 3) was represented by an irregular roundish pit, similar to the previous one, dug into the subsoil. It was slightly prolonged from south to north. It was 13.4x13.2 m big, 0.6-1.6 m deep from the level of registering it. The outlines of the feature were found 0.3-0.4 m deep from the modern surface, its filling was light grey. Darker, black cultural layer could be traced almost until the middle of the depth. The bottom of the pit, especially in the southern part, had an uneven base cut with pits connected to each other, of different shapes and depths. Under the southern wall of the dwelling, three fireplaces were situated composing a semicircle. Two of them - the „eastern" and the „central" ones were made in the deepened parts of the floor, the third -the „western" one - was situated directly at the wall, on the subsoil base, 1 m high from the level of the floor. Northeast of the latter fireplace, the entrance of the dwelling was found, as a plain surface slightly bent towards the centre. The cultural layer at the entrance could be traced also outside the walls. In the process of cleaning the dwelling pit of the subterranean house, we collected about 10.000 units of archaeological material that was concentrated almost exclusively in the southern part, starting from about the middle of the depth and at the base. The insignificant number of material collected in the northern part, shows its agricultural and craft function. It must had been separated from the southern „kitchen" part with a dividing wall. Another independent room was traced under the eastern wall, in the southern part of the house, close to the „eastern" fireplace. It was separated from the rest of the dwelling by two, high vault shaped remains of the subsoil. Here we could trace an almost rectangular pit with a plain bottom and a „bed" above it, cut into the wall in the shape of a semicircle. It had a vertical sidewalk This room was 3.3 m long (S-N) and 2.35 wide (E-W). In the filling of this room we found a minimal number of finds, among which there was an interesting piece: an unbroken miniature female clay figurine standing on the top of the southern subsoil remain, as if pressed into its base. The kitchen and living room function of the southern part of the dwelling is evidenced not only by the great number of pottery, stone tools collected here, but also by the thick concentration of small pieces of bones in the western sector (between the „western" and „central" fire-places). There was a 0.2-0.3 m thick cultural layer at the very base of the floor. In the filling of the „eastern" fireplace we also found a number of rotted burned shells of hazelnuts (corylus) and acorns of oak (auerans robur). Fig. 5 Settlement Zastavne-Mala Hora/ Zápszony-Kishegy Ground plan of dwelling 2/77. 1: burned clay, 2: fireplace, 3: clay plastering, 4: grinding stone, 5: vessels, 6: post-hole 5. kép Zápszony-Kishegy/ Zastavne-Mala Hora 2/77. épület 1: égett agyag, 2: tűzhely, 3: agyagtapasztás, 4: őrlőkő, 5: kerámia, 6: cölöplyuk