A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 46. (Nyíregyháza, 2004)

Régészet - Mikhailo Potushniak: Data the question of the Stračevo/Körös Culture dwellings in the Upper Tisza Region

Data to the question of the Starcevo/Körös Culture dwellings ... difficulties when cleaning the base of the subterranean house, the cultural layer of which under the sterile layer did not exceed 0.1-0.15 m. It was also problematic because of the partly widening sidewalls in the northern part. The thickness of the sterile layer dividing the upper and lower horizon in the northern part made 0.4-0.8 m and 0.2-0.3 m in the southern part. The base of the subterranean house was then filled, and thus, the semi-subterranean house got a more or less even base. The semisubterranean house was 0.4-0.9 m deep from the level of registering it, and, taking into consideration the damage of the upper part of the pit, it was originally 0.6-1 m deep. In the process of investigation of these two dwelling assemblages, it was determined that there were two open fireplaces functioning in the subterranean house: one in the central part of the dwelling and another one in the southern end, under the western wall. The latter was covered by a layer of subsoil clay during the reconstruction of the building. The entrance of the dwelling was situated in the southern end. Here we could trace steps cut into the subsoil. In the semi-subterranean house the fireplace continued to function in the central part. In the northern part, at a section filled during the reconstruction, under the western wall a clay kiln was built. The collapsed vault of the kiln was traced at a surface of 5 sq. m in the form of thick layer of clay plastering. On the partly preserved round bottom of the kiln, remains of a collapsed large, black polished vessel were found. Beside it, on the floor, under the collapsed walls of the kiln, there were remains of two big vessels - of a conical bowl standing on nipple shaped feet and a pot. Among the 10.000 units of archaeological material collected in the dwelling, only 300 pieces belonged to the lower construction horizon: subterranean house la/76. To this horizon belonged also a fragment of a female figurine, found in the southern fire-place pit, and a big conical top with cup shaped handle, decorated with incised pattern. It was found on the bottom of the fireplace pit, situated beside the eastern side of the central fireplace. The latter was also covered by a layer of subsoil clay in the process of reconstruction. Thin cultural layer, the small number of archaeological finds show that the subterranean house - dwelling la/76 existed for a short time. We should note that there are certain technologicaltypological differences between the pottery of the lower and upper construction horizons (fig. 1-2). (We shall return to this topic later). Fig. 4 Settlement Zastavne-Mala Hora/ Zápszony-Kishegy View of dwelling 4/82 4. kép Zápszony-Kishegy/ Zastavne-Mala Hora 4/82. épület 55