M. Járó - L. Költő szerk.: Archaeometrical research in Hungary (Budapest, 1988)

Selected Bibliography - Summaries

Költő L. — KisVaigaM.: Röntgenemissziós analízis késő avarkori bronztárgyakon. (X-ray emission analysis on bronze objects of the late Avar era) = Iparrégészeti Kutatások Magyarországon, 1981, Sopron, pp. 165-179(In Hungarian) The method developed by the ATOMKI institute of Debrecen is discussed This is applicable for the analysis of any metal object by a non-destructive method. Conclusions can be drawn regarding the application of tin coatings and tin-lead solderings, based on the 1054 measurements performed on 754 objects. Judging from the fixing rivets, the possibility of the separation of the non-conforming pieces of belts is raised together with the question of the simultaneous adjustment of the accessories. Based on computerized statistical evaluations (histograms) the coexistance of several bronze shops is assumed. Költő L: Avarkori bronztárgyak röntgenemissziós analízise (X-ray emission analysis of bronze objects of the Avar age ) = Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 5. pp. 5—68.(1982) (In Hungarian) 1498 composition analyses were performed on a total number of 983 bronze objects with the use of the X-ray Si/Li spectrometer developed by the ATOMKI institute of Debrecen. These objects were found at different locations of the Avar empire, and some date back to ancient Roman or prehistoric times, while others originate from the Middle Ages. As a result of the series of experiments seven elements could successfully be detected simultaneously (Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ag, Pb) by a routine quantitative method, with the application of isotope 1—125. It has technically been proven that on the bronze castings of the Avar age, apart from gold,tin was used almost exclusively as the coating agent. By means of computer analysis of the data performed at the R-10 computer centre of the Heavy Chemical Research Institute of Veszprém, the mathematical-statistical results indicate the probability that in the Avar empire there was more than one central shop which supplied the population with bronze castings. As a result of cluster analysis, several groups with identical composition and similar age could be found within the same cemetery. Based on a comparison with Roman and earlier objects it can be established that the independent Avar metallurgists did not rely on earlier objects as a source of raw materials. Költő L.: Régészeti következtetések avar-kori bronzok elemzési adataiból (Archeological conclusions drawn from the analysis of bronze objects of the Avar age) = Múzeumi Műtárgyvédelem 12/1983. pp. 267-278.(In Hungarian) The results obtained from the almost 1500 analyses performed on approximately 1000 archeological objects at the ATOMKI institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences enable us to draw a number of conclusions. Among others it could be concluded that during the second period of the Avar era the metal mountings on belts were fixed at the same time. By finding the similarities within the same cemetery the groups buried at the same time could be separated from the rest. By comparing the objects originating from different parts of the Avar empire we found out that during the examined period not just one central shop was in operation, but several shops of different sizes were in existence.