M. Járó - L. Költő szerk.: Archaeometrical research in Hungary (Budapest, 1988)
Selected Bibliography - Summaries
Kis Varga M. — Költó' L.: Késő avarkori bronztárgyak vizsgálata röntgenemiszsziós színképelemzéssel (Examination of late Avar bronze objects by X-ray emission spectral analysis) = 26th Magyar Színképelemző Vándorgyűlés előadásai, Kecskemét, 1983. pp. 105-108. (In Hungarian) In the REA laboratory of the ATOMKI institute more than 1200 measurements were conducted on 900 objects with the invented method. The experiments were conducted on surfaces cleaned by shot blasting. In the objects collected in the Avar cemeteries the main elements of the bronze castings were as follows: Cu: 65-85%, Sn: 5-17.5%, Pb: 1-22%, Zn: 1-2%. Költő L. — Kis Varga M.: Ujabb eredmények a röntgenemissziós analízis régészeti alkalmazásában (New results in the archeological application of X-ray emission analysis) = Iparrégészet II. Veszprém, 1984. pp. 273—288. (In Hungarian) An attempt is made to draw an archeological conclusion from the measurements on the 1500 Avar, Roman, Bronze age and Middle Age objects. In the ATOMKI research institute the determination of 7 constituting elements was successfully concluded (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Sn, Sb). The results were evaluated with a computer, and this resulted in the determination of the internal groups within the Avar cemeteries. In the examination of the belt platings attention is drawn to the high silver content of the alloys, which can be misleading during the quality analysis of the composition of the platings. By comparing the bronze objects of the Avar and of the Roman era, it could be ascertained that small Roman objects could not be used as raw materials. The results of the examinations indicate that the belt mountings and jewels were of different composition Gegus E.: Experiences with emission spectrochemical methods used for the analysis of archaeological findings = Vestnik Slovenskega Kemijskega Drustva (9th Yugosl. Confer, on General and Applied Spectroscopy, Bled) 33/1986, Supplem. pp. 113-116). A "quasi-nondestructive" and a "quasi-absolute" spectrochemical analysis method were elaborated and used for investigating archaeological alloy findings. Laser-microspectral analysis was used for the homogeneity test of a sample or to detect surface effects, and to determine practically nondestructively the minor and trace element content from a 0.1—0.2 mm deep crater of about 0.1 mm in diameter. Bronze, silver and gold coins and jewels were investigated and identified by semiquantitative evaluation of laser spectra of the samples. Quantitative determination of the chemical composition of findings was performed by introducing an acidic (HCl, HBr or HN0 3 ) solution of several mg of samples into a high-voltage spark discharge. Calibration of the method was carried out by using solution standard samples composed of solutions of each element. Reference materials for laser-microspectral analysis could be checked in this way, too.
