Ábrahám Levente: Válogatott tanulmányok II. - Natura Somogyiensis 9. (Kaposvár, 2006)

Uherkovich Ákos - Nógrádi Sára: Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Mecsek Mountains, South Hungary - A Mecsek hegység tegzesei (Trichoptera)

UHERKOVICH Á. & S. NÓGRÁDI: CADDISFLIES OF THE MECSEK MOUNTAINS 301 4. Many species live in the Mecsek Mountains, which are well distrubuted in other mountainous regions, but they do not occur in any site of South Transdanubia. Such species are: Rhyacophila hirticornis McL., Rhyacophila tristis Pict, Synagapetus mosely Ulmer, Philopotamus variegatus Scop., Wormaldia occipitalis Pict., Hydropsyche fulvipes Curt., Hydropsyche guttata Curt., Plectrocnemia brevis McL., Tinodes unicolor Pict., Silopallipes F., and by an old data: Athripsodes bilineatus L.). Bulk of them lives in other mountains of Hungary (Bükk, Mátra, Bakony, Kőszeg, Börzsöny and Zemplén Mountains) but not in lower elevations and in plains. This eleven enumerated species - together with further three species presented in the previous chapters - show the faunistical isolation of the mountain (see UHERKOVICH, NÓGRÁDI 2005). 5. We collected caddisflies by light traps and by hand on the southern, dry slopes, far from all waters during the last two decades. The mobility (active or passive ability of displacement) of certain caddisfly species is illustrated by a fact: we detected 35 species in these sites. A part of the species was on wing in the beginning or in the end of summer diapause (ie. aestivation), these species belong to the limnephilids and phryganeids. Many species are unable to longer, active flight but they can be swept by wind from their hatching biotope (leptocerids, hydropsychids, polycentropodids). We collected in another, small mountainsous range, in Villány Mountains (south of Mecsek), which does not have own water courses, there we found 50 species. Bulk of those species were also immigrant (NÓGRÁDI 2000). The wide-spread forests and caves of the Mecsek Mountains afford important shelter for the species, which have a summer diapause. A part of these species - mostly limnephilids - develop in the low elevations far from the mountains, but during the summer they are able to survive the hot, dry weather only in forests and caves. 6. The extension, height and environments of the mountains do not help the development of a rich fauna. The water courses of its environments are regulated and polluted having a rather poor fauna. The chance of immigration from this waters is rather small. The most water courses of Mecsek remained in their original condition. Some larger springs of the northern parts have been captured for the urban drinking-water network, the streams are often dry under their springs. (E.g. Nagy-Mély-völgy - see NÓGRÁDI 1984a or Orfű, Vízfő Spring.) The smaller brooks of the southern slopes of Central Mecsek Mountains disappeared in a consequence of the intensive expansion of the inhabited area of Pécs. Zoogeographical connections Most of the species living in the Mecsek mountains are Palaearctic, West-Palaearctic or - at least - Central European elements. Bulk of them lives all over the country and they are not characteristic in zoogeographical viewpoint. Contrary some species are very characteristic. Two taxa - Rhyacophila hirticornis McL. and Synagapetus krawanyi Ulmer - show southeastern Alpin connection. They do not occur between the Alps (Kőszeg Mountains) and Mecsek Mountains and they have the southeastemmost occurrence here. Chaetopteryx rugulosa mecsekensis Nógrádi also has an Alpin connection in species level, and it also has another subspecies to the southeast, in the Southern Carpathians (Chaetopteryx rugulosa schmidi Botosaneanu).