Majorossy Judit: A Ferenczy Múzeum régészeti gyűjteményei - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, D. sorozat: Múzeumi füzetek - Kiállításvezetők 5. (Szentendre, 2014)
Dr. Ottomány Katalin: Szarmaták kora
and to the Lower Danube. That is why in the middle of the 4th century and in its second half (II. Constantius and Valentinianus) the limes had to be fortified by thick network of watchtowers and bridgeheads. At the end of the 4lh century and at the beginning of the 5th century, however, the importance of the limes had gradually decreased. The defensive army was barbarized, their number decreased. The majority of the watchtowers were given up, while size of the military camps was reduced. The Late Roman Age part of the exhibition was built on the material remains of the cemeteries at Páty, Biatorbágy, and Szentendre as well as those of the watchtower at Leányfalu. In the Late Roman Age pottery-making transformed. Painted and raw clay coloured vessels of the 2nd-3rd centuries decreased, their place was taken by the grey domestic ware. Mainly flat plates served for eating, conical smaller plates, cups, lid-bowls with undercut rims were prepared in this style. Among the jars of the domestic ware a special form can be observed which had a clover-leaf-shaped spout. In the cemetery at Páty a whole set of spouted grey domestic jars was found. A large, painted, red jar with its tawny spots of glaze also derives from this site, and it proves that these two types of pottery were made at the same time, in the same workshop. Grey domestic mugs and pots were the most frequently occurring finds of each archaeological excavation. Mugs in the burials often had the role of glasses, but honey and milk could be kept in them, too. Pots were suitable both for cooking and storage. By the end of the century, their design became of poor quality, their material more gritty. Typical of the domestic ware of the watchtower at Leányfalu were the mugs and small pots with ribbed surface, on which the ribs were the traces of strong wheejs. (Similar examples can be later seen at the stock of the Late Sarmatian pottery kiln from Üllő.) Sometimes a whole set was made of each type in various size. One of the variations was decorated by wavy lines on its shoulder. In the 4th century the import of the former vessels stopped or their quantity drastically decreased. They tried to imitate the glass and bronze vessels, sometimes even the terra sigillata bowls, with the lead-glazed pots made by a new technique. The shining surface of these glazed vessels copied the brightness of the former fine ware. Small cups with horizontal rim (soup-eating or dipping), large and flat plates (serving or eating), pedestalled cups (small fruit-dishes or drinking cups), small drinking cups and primarily flagons were made in such style. The typical products of Late Roman pottery-making were the burnished vessels or those with burnished motifs. Its origin is often connected to the Barbarian, Eastern influences, although its shape can be traced back to certain Roman types. The appearance of deep bowls and jars signifies that the culture of eating became simpler. The characteristic pot of the end of the 4th century was the burnished mug with a high swinging handle, which was made by a slow-turned wheel (Biatorbágy). In the watchtower at Leányfalu both glazed ware and burnished ceramics were probably prepared locally at the turn of the 4,h-5th century. Although pottery kiln has not been found yet, the vessels pressed and deformed during burning are proofs of local production. Glazed oil lamps and domestic ware oil lamps were also found in the watchtower. A special, rare form is the Late Roman cock-shaped handle found in Páty, and the terracotta Venus from the camp of Szentendre. Korsó és bögre / Pair of jar and mug 45 Késő római üvegcsésze / Late Roman glass
