Majorossy Judit: A Ferenczy Múzeum régészeti gyűjteményei - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, D. sorozat: Múzeumi füzetek - Kiállításvezetők 5. (Szentendre, 2014)
Dr. Ottomány Katalin: Szarmaták kora
the stamped bricks of the military camp at Szentendre the seal impressions of the legio II. Adiutrix (auxiliary troops) and those of the Syrian cohors can be seen. One can usually read the name of the troop on these seals and with their help the history of the troops of each camp or watchtower can be detected. The Romans introduced new traditions of building techniques in certain provinces, and they disseminated stone building, too. The heating of these houses were solved by the warm air circulating under the floor or in the hollow bricks of the vertical walls. The heating-bricks of the military camp at Szentendre can be seen in the exhibition. The characteristic of the female Celtic costume is the overgarment, the cloak pinned by two fibulas (brooches) on the shoulders. On Roman tombstones one can see the representations of Celtic women wearing underwear of fine texture coming down to the ankles under a coarse-textured shorter cloak. They fastened an apron with rounded skirt to their belts. Their shawls on their back and their veils hanging down from their heads were slung over the elbows. In North-Eastern Pannonia they wore primary turbanveils around their heads. Typical of this costume were the bracelet, the broad belt fastened around the waist, the thick cleft bracelet and the two-winged brooches on the shoulders. Under the influence of the Roman culture an increasing number of bronze and glass vessels, jewels, and everyday artifacts reached the province. The workshops of each city supplied the whole neighbourhood with such goods. The Romans carried around water after eating for hand-washing in bronze jugs and frying pans. They used similar set of vessels for the ritual washing of the hands during the offering of sacrifices. Among the displayed objects only one frying pan and bronze glasses served for drinking are to be seen. Very few glasses and bottles were found on the excavation sites, they were preserved mainly in graves. One could also find small scent-bottles in these early Roman burials. From the colonies usually the fragments of bronze vessels (handles of frying pans, handles of jugs, pouring vessels, and glasses) handles of small cups, various jewels, tweezers, locks, and keys have been uncovered. Such kind of small artifacts (keys, handles of vessels, and cattle bells) were made not only of bronze but also of iron, although the latter material was primary used for tools, such as knives, sickles, axes, and hatchets. These last mentioned tools were found on civil, farming settlements, though they occurred in larger number in military establishments, the military camp at Szentendre and the watchtower at Leányfalu. In the 4th century - when the central supply of the army had already been stumbled - the so-called “peasant soldiery” evolved, who were almost completely self-sufficient. The remains of this self-supply are the sickles, hoes, and pruning knives. The bone objects from the military camp at Szentendre partially belong to the everyday life (hairpins, handles of tools, and bone skates), and partially to the fittings of military costume and weaponry (pommel, and bone bracket). Under the rule of Emperor Diocletianus, at the turn of the 3rd-4,h century a complete set of economic, political and military changes underwent in the Roman Empire. Pannonia Inferior was divided into two parts. The northern part, also including Pest County, was named after the daughter of Emperor Diocletianus, Valeria. At the middle of the century Szentendre also received a new name: (Castra) Constantia. During the 4thcentury the old neighbours, mainly the Sarmatians invaded the Empire more often because new people (The Goths) coming from the East appeared behind and pushed them forth. In the 320s the Devil’s Ditch, a multiple system of earthwork was built which surrounded the Great Plain from the Danube-bent to the Iron Gate. Its northern starting point could have been on the opposite bank of the River Danube facing Szentendre. This defence ditch directed the attacks of the arriving new Barbarians to the two outermost points: to the Danube-bent Késő római poharak (mázas és szürke) / Late Roman glazed cup and a gray mug 44
