Cseri Miklós – Tárnoki Judit szerk.: Népi építészet a Kárpát-medencében a honfoglalástól a 18. századig – A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok közleményei 58. (2001)
Pálóczi-Horváth András: A késő középkori népi építészet régészeti kutatásának újabb eredményei
The above described lowland house type appears very often among the archaeological assemblages of the 15—16 th century, and it is the antecedents of the so called Middle-Hungarian house type which can be found in most regions of the Carpathian Basin during the 18—19 th century. This house type also can be found in the lowlands of East Transdanubia and in South Transdanubia. The reconstructed houses revealed in medieval Szentkirály represent this house type (house 4/a, 7 and 25). From Szentkirály we have very good archaeological evidences from the beginning of the 15 th to the beginning of the 17 th century referring to buildings built on the same place. During the excavation between 1971 and 1990 21 dwelling houses and 29 outbuildings were revealed. The development of houses, changes in the structure could be observed here within the same settlement. The development of the dwelling house with tile stove could be observed here. 2.) West-Transdanubian dwelling house. In Transdanubia, where the landscape is hilly and woody, mostly wood was used for the structure of houses in the late middle ages. Written sources give information about wood houses too. Among archaeological researches carried out in Transdanubia the most important was the excavation of Sarvaly medieval village (1969—1974). This village was inhabited by lower nobility. The revealed long-houses had trap rock foundation. The wooden remains prove oak and beech. Some of the revealed 17 houses had a cellar jointed to one end of the house or it stood separately. Only one room was heated of the three-four or five roomed houses, this heated room was smoky. Tile stoves were found only in two houses but only one was heated from outside, from the yard. The revealed 15—16 th century buildings are antecedents of the so called western Hungarian house type. Traditionally the building material of this house type was wood, the living rooms were smoky for a long time. From the late medieval it became widespread that the living space was under one roof with storing spaces and animals. The 14 th century dwelling house excavated in the suburbium settlement of Visegrád (the northern garden of the royal palace, 1997—1998) was built with Fachwerk-technique with stone foundation. In the Hungarian rural architecture this technique is unknown, but according to this archaeological data it must have existed in Hungary in the 14—15 th century. In the northern woody highland of medieval Hungary (nowadays it belongs to Slowakia) and Transylvania (nowadays it belongs to Rumania) wooden structured buildings were common during the 14—16 th century. There are some important archaeological results from Slowakia referring to medieval Hungarian manor houses of small-holder nobles. 260
