Bujdosné Pap Györgyi (szerk.): Agria 49. (Az egri Dobó István Vármúzeum Évkönyve - Annales Musei Agriensis, 2016)
Gutay Mónika: Előzetes jelentés Apc-Somlyó 5-6. és 9. számú felső paleolitikus lelőhelyek tervásatásairól
Mónika Gutay Preliminary report on the excavation planning for the upper palaeolithic sites 5-6 and 9 at Apc-Somlyó Fieldwork in the Zagyva Valley and the southern and southeastern part of the Mátra Hills began in 2004. Gyula Kerékgyártó and I were able to locate almost 300 Palaeolithic collection points. The first Palaeolithic archaeological excavation in the Mátra Hills took place in the eastern part of the Mátraija at Halmajugra-Szoller- dűlő. Over the course of two years 70.7 km2 was surveyed in all. Chronically the finds could be put somewhere between the more recent Gravettien and the older Epigravettien filum. Sites 5-6 could be found at the foot of Somlyó Hill at a height of 180 m. The Apc-Somlyó 5-6 sites were localized in 2005. Between 2013 and 2014 several local surveys were undertaken at the site. On account of the distribution of the surface finds we were able to establish that sites 5 and 6 belonged together. Excavation planning took place in the autumn and winter of 2014. In all 212,124 m2 of territory was covered. In the northern part of the site 8 exploratory areas were opened up. In each trench we marked out three sections numbering them 9/1, 9/2 and 9/3. We were thus able to establish three cultural levels. The predominance of horse and reindeer finds meant that during the period in question the terrain was probably an open grassy plain, a mammoth steppe, otherwise known as the tundra-steppe. The climate was considerably colder than it is today. The existence of exclusively horse and reindeer skeletons suggested that this was a winter quarters. Using the fossilized skeleton findings of palaeontologist Dr Mihály Gasparik of the Hungarian Natural History Museum it would be possible to say that the Ape finds are all of almost the same period, something which also applies to the Istálloskő or the Ságvár finds (the so-called Istálloskő and Pilisszántó fauna periods). At the same time, however, the finds themselves do not tell us to which of the two other sites the Ape finds are most closely related. Nevertheless the date of the findings can be put at between 30,000 or 18,000 - 20,000 years ago. Site number 9 in Ape lies at the foot of Somlyó Hill, on the Pleistocene terrace of the River Zagyva. Going about 350 m from this site in a southeasterly direction one comes to sites 5 and 6 in Ape. The fortified Bronze Age settlement at Somlyó is about 500 m away. The Apc-Berekalja 1 and Apc-Farkas- major archaeological sites are about 2.5 km away to the west. We identified site 9 at Apc-Somlyó in 2005. Excavation planning took place in the autumn and 27
