Nagy Emese Gyöngyvér - Dani János - Hajdú Zsigmond szerk.: MÓMOSZ II. (Debrecen, 2004)

Tóth Katalin: A Makó-Kosihy-Caka kultúra településeiről

92 KATALIN TÓTH ON THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE JMAKÓ-KOSIHY-CAKA CULTURE Recently, it has become quite clear that, beside the transitional or temporary accommodations, which consist of a few (generally 1-5) pits altogether, indicating frequent and fast movements between locations, presumably due to the requirements of animal husbandry of larger species, (Ecsedy 1995, 18; Csányi 1996, 53, 56; Szathmári 1999, 69), in the Makó-Kosihy-Caka Culture, there could also be settlements in which the quantity of actual settlement features found would be higher. Most probably because of the influence of favorable geographical conditions, the population of these settlements at times decided to get settled for a longer period of stay at the same location (Szathmári 1999a). In the present study, I offer a brief introduction to 3 settlement-sections - Csongrád-Sertéstelep (Picture 1/1; Picture 2) (Tóth 2001; Tóth 2001a), Szeged-Kiskundorozsma-Nagyszék I. Site (Picture 1/2; Pictures 3-4), and Szeged-KiskundorozsmaSubasa (Picture 1/3; Pictures 5-7) - which we have excavated recently in Csongrád County. The examination of the settlement structure of these sites has revealed that the larger settlement sections of the Makó-Kosihy-Caka culture that consist of several objects are characterized by an elongated structure. The pits form groups of varying size, and there are quite sizeable „vacant" surfaces among the groups of pits that are located at a distance of 20-50 meters from one another. These distinct groups of pits probably used to belong to residential or other buildings that stood on the surfaces between the individual groups of pits and whose traces we generally cannot find during the process of excavation. These buildings or huts were most likely made of lighter structures, like wood, reed, or branches of trees, and their pole holes did not reach down to the subsoil level. They cannot be traced in the plowed topsoil either, perhaps because they had their foundations above the ground. This kind of elongated settlement structure makes it rather difficult to fully explore the sites. Both in the case of test excavations and in the case of rescue excavations that expand over a larger but definite size area, it is rarely possible to check the 20-50 meter long „vacant" surfaces when trying to determine the direction in which the next group of objects would be located. This could also be the reason why we have such sparse and scant knowledge concerning the settlements of the population. TÓTH KATALIN TORNYAI JÁNOS MÚZEUM 6800 HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY SZÁNTÓ KOVÁCS u. 16-18.