Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 12. (Győr, 1970)

Sellye I.: Data to the Metallurgy of Arrabona

nában Pannónia Superior legerősebb auxiliaris egysége állomásozott, a helyőrség végig lovas alakulatokból állt, melyeknek patkolás, lószerszámok készítése, LU. fegyverek javítása céljából a kovácsműhelyekre szükségük volt. Ugyanígy feltöltésrétegből került elő nagyszámú bronzrög, melyek nem kész tárgyak elmállott darabjait jelzik, hanem bronzműhely salakanyagának értelmezhetők." A fentiekhez annyit szeretnék hozzáfűzni, hogy az arrabonai áttört anyagban eddig egyetlen olyan darabot sem lehet találni, mely biztosan lószerszámgarnitúrához, esetleg kocsi díszítéséhez tartozott volna. Ugyanez áll a nem áttört technikával készített fémanyagra is. Az arrabonai anyag pontosabb korhatározására — sajnos — semmiféle támpontunk sincs. így kénytelenek vagyunk a többi pannóniai és barbaricumi áttörtre vonatkozó meghatározásainkat az arrabonaiakra is vonatkoztatni: vagyis általános elterjedésük, használatuk, mondhatnánk divatjuk a II—

III. században volt.

66 Sellye Ilona DATA TO THE METALLURGY OF ARRABONA A special group of the relics of Pannonian metallurgy is made up by the objects produced with pierced technique, i. e. works emphasizing the pattern by the piercing of the surface. The entire pierced material of Pannónia totals more than one thousand pieces, uncovered at about 65 sites; unfortunately stray finds give the majority. Some of the pieces are only halfmanufactured or muddled. The latter were evidently local products, since faulty products could not be sold or transported, only fully manufactured ones. Therefore we have to suppose the existence of local workshops at the sites where such half-manufactured ware have been found. Also some casting moulds were uncovered. Surveying the entire pierced material from this point of view, we may state the following: local production may be supposed in nine Pannonian settlements, Arrabona, Brigetio, Siscia, Neviodunum, Gorsium, Intercisa, Solva, Gyulafirátót and Lengyel. Two additional half-manufactured pieces come from unknown Pannonian sites. Thus eleven different centers of production have yielded a total of 27 matrices, half-made bronze or leaden specimens. The Barbaricum between the Danube and the Tisza is represented by a single workshop at Felsőalpár-Szikra. The group of the pierced bronze objects is a survival of Celtic form treasure, since the elements of which those were developped are ever more frequent in the time before our era in Gallia and Britannia. This trend resulted in two technical devices: the pierced and the enamelled techniques. The pierced objects were manufactured with three methods on the whole: casting, punching out from a metal plate and the simultaneous application of the former two, but there are numerous variations as well. As regards some types we may even suppose a serial production, since a lot specimens have been manufactured in uniform measures and with the same pattern. Pannonian material did not yield a considerable amount of pierced finds derived from authentic excavations, thus the way in which these objects were used and applied is uncertain as yet. There were wagon fittings, horse-furnitures, ornaments of costume etc., but their distinction is always very problematical. Perhaps the more thorough analysis of stone relics might help us in solving this problem. The antecedents of the Pannonian metal works of the imperial period may be found in the late La Tène already, witnessing the very high technical standard of local metallurgy. During the Roman rule numerous sites had metal workshops, manufacturing the most various products. In the second century this art is definitely 66 A pannóniai áttört anyag esetleges teljes feldolgozásakor talán pontosabb, legalább relatív kronológiát meg lehetne állapítani. A. római kori ékszerek, érmék stb továbbélésére: Sellye, Recueil... 530. old. irodalommal. an