Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga: Further anthropological investigations on an Early Avar Period population at Csákberény-Orondpuszta. p. 37–60.
St. Stephen Museum, Székesfehérvár under inventory numbers 70.1.1.-70.1.72. RESULTS Gender and mortality On Table 2._ we can observe that collection of anthropological material was confined mainly to grown-ups. In the preserved material there are remains of only 5, mainly older children. Among the adults there were 37 men and 32 women. It should be noted here that contrary to the analysis of Tóth, the skeletons 347., 350. and 364. as well as the discrete skull without context marked I. were classified as female by the author. Taking into consideration that the preserved anthropological finds comprise at most some 15 percent of the graves we cannot expect mortality relations of the given population adequately reflected by them. It is to be observed, though, that among the adults deceased under 40 years of age we find more women who probably had worse expectations of life than men in general. Dimensions and morphological features Individual data on cranial and skeletal bones of men and women are given on Tables 14-7, statistical parameters calculated on the basis of these data were summarised on Tables 3-5. Morphological characteristics of the skull are presented on Table 6., distribution by form and taxonomy on Table 7., body height classes on Table 8.. On the basis of the presented data we can conclude the followings: Average value of the quotient of scattering values measured on male skulls was 87,5 on female skulls 96,9, that is, lower than average scattering published by Alekseev - Debets. This is indicating a homogeneous (not very much mixed) character of the sample. This is further corroborated by the partly identical or very similar dimensions and morphological features observed at both sexes. Their skull was, according to mean values medium long and wide (mesokran) and slightly low (chamaeorthokran). The temple bones were mildly reclined, the nape slightly or remarkably arched (curvoccipital). The frame of the facial skull was medium high and medium wide (mesoprosop, mesen), the root of the nose medium deep, nose profile straight or concave, the fore nasal spine {spina nasalis anterior) is moderately developed even in the case of men, the canine tooth depression (fossa canina) is typically medium deep or deep, the upper row of teeth is frequently protruding (alveolaris prognathia). Stature is typically surpassing average values for both sexes, especially for women. Lower body height was encountered seldom and mainly in case of men. Of the 11 male individuals who could be evaluated for taxonomical classification, 9 were considered as belonging to the europid race while in the case of 323b. and 331. individuals, mixture of europid and mongolid element was observed. Among the 12 female individuals suitable for this type of study, 9 could be classified into the europid race while 317b, 390. and 407. were europomongolids. For all the mixed type individuals we can state that the mongolid features were subordinate, taking into consideration the facial flatness analysis of Tóth as well. Generally speaking, the dolichocranic cranial form was present in nearly identical ratio at both sexes (42.9 - 41.2 %), while among the mesocrans there were slightly more women, among the brachycrans, slightly more men. Anatomical variations, pathological alterations. a) There was only limited possibility for observing anatomical variations and growth anomalies, due to the fragmentary character of the bones and low number of instances (Table 9.). Notable instance among them was an irregular depression on the collarbone (canalis intraclavicularis). Compared to other series, values of occurrence was seemingly low among males (3,7 %) and high among women (8,8 %) (Éry 1990b). Irregular growth in the dentition was observed for a female individual (nr. 407.), with primeval lack of the second left side lower incisor, and the presence of milktooth nr. V instead of the right lower 5 th permanent tooth for nr. 437., an adult female person. b) In respect of pathological alterations, the qualitative and quantitative features of the bones allow only the enumeration of certain phenomena, accordingly: Recovery after fracture could be found on the bones of the man Nr. 397 on his right cubit-bone close to the wrist on the distal end as well as on the bones of the woman Nr. 436. on the right shinbone and splinter-bone about the middle. In the latter case the broken ends were welded slipping over each other. Deformation of articulation (spondylosis), causing sometimes the formation of „beak" and deformation of the vertebral body were observed on the bones of the men 116. and 141., as well as the remaining lumbar vertebrae of the woman marked 386. The porosity and formation of rim observed on the head of the right thighbone and the right-side thigh-joint socket in case of the man nr. 440. could be attributed possibly to inflammation. The 30 mm long and approximately 9 mm high bone crest (myositis ossificans) observed at the rear side, along the linea aspera of the thighbone of man nr. 344 was probably the consequence of a rupture of the muscle. 38
