Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga: Further anthropological investigations on an Early Avar Period population at Csákberény-Orondpuszta. p. 37–60.
We can also mention the case of the woman nr. 433. where the area tuberculum majus is depressed on the right thighbone. No traces of pathological processes could be observed on and around the depressed area. Among the pathological phenomena concerning dentition the decay of teeth was not enumerated because of the low number of teeth preserved. Frequency of teeth dropped during lifetime was 9,6 % (448/43) among men, and 7,7 % (416/32) among women. Analogies of the population Anthropological parallels of the CsákberényOrondpuszta population were investigated by using the Penrose calculation of distance, using average values of 10 cranial measurement data (1, 8, 9, 17, 40, 45, 48, 51, 52, 54). Among the samples included in the analysis, eight sets originated from the Late Roman period (3rd-4th с A.D.), three from the Germanic period in the 5th century and forty-four from the Avar period (6 th-8 th c), all of them within the Carpathian Basin. For the sake of the applicability of samples with lower case numbers, male and female average values were contracted in the following way: female average values were multiplied by the dimorphic coefficients published by Alekseev and Debets , and treated thereafter as male values. These „virilised" values were contracted, weighted according to number of occurrence, with those of the males. As a result of the analysis there was a significant similarity between the values of Csákberény and Tokod, Tác, as well as Baranya County total among the eight Roman age samples, i.e., in three cases (37,5 %). There was no significant similarity between Csákberény and a the three Germanic samples, and strangely enough among the 44 Avar period samples only the eastern Transdanubian Szebény and Siófok-Kiliti (4,5 %) showed significant similarities {Table 10.) The cranial features used for the calculation of the similarity distance for Csákberény and its five parallels are shown on Table 11. Accordingly, the skulls of these samples were typically medium long, medium wide and slightly lower than medium, the upper part of the face and the orbital cavity medium or slightly low, the orbits and the nasal cavity medium wide. We can also observe the slight differences between the two epochs as in the Avar samples the skull is somewhat shorter, wider and lower than in the case of the Romans. Calculating the similarity distance of Csákberény and its five parallels separately and clustering the results according to the method published by Creel (1968), the samples are separated into two groups. One of the groups is formed by the Roman Tokod and the Avar period Csákberény, Szebény and Siófok, the other group is formed by Roman Tác and the contemporary Baranya county sample {Table 12.). It is apparently simple to draw the following conclusion: in the early Avar period population of Csákberény the surviving Roman inhabitants of the region had an important role, while the "Avar" elements among the Csákberény population could be found in the occasional europo-mongolid type features and the stature data. The body height of the Eastern Transdanubian Avar population typically surpassed the values of the Roman people for both sexes, and the difference for the Csákberény men is more than 2 cm while for women, more than 3 cm (7able 13.). Considering, finally, that the Csákberény - type sample had only Eastern Transdanubian parallels from the Avar period, we get a new proof on the regionality of the population in this period observed previously (Ery 1983). SUMMARY The first publication of the anthropological material from the 6 th-7 th с Avar period Csákberény-Orondpuszta cemetery can be attached to Tibor Tóth. Recent investigations completed the picture by the study of some, formerly neglected skull finds, analysis of the skeletal bones as well as the description of some anatomical variations and pathological alterations. In course of the recent study, the sexual classification of the finds 347, 350, 364 and I. changed from man to woman. The new observations, however, generally coincide with the statements of the first publication. The cemetery was excavated only partly, in two third of total extent. From the approximately 460 - 480 graves, remains of only 74 individuals (37 men, 32 women and 5 children) were preserved in deficient and fragmented state. Their skull is typically long {dolichocranic), partly short {brachycran), giving, on an average medium о long {mesokran) values. From the aspect of taxonomy, most of the adults were europid, some persons however showed europo-mongolid features. The sample of Csákberény-Orondpuszta showed similarity, from among 44 analysed Avar period data sets only with the similarly Eastern Transdanubian samples from two communities (Szebény, Siófok-Kiliti), which is a new datum to the hypothesis that during the Avar period the Carpathian Basin was inhabited by populations of different composition. At the same time, the similarity between Csákberény-Orondpuszta, and three Eastern Transdanubian samples from the Late Roman period (3rd-4th century) can serve as a proof for the survival of local population and their mixing with the newly arriving people. The observed phenomenon, i.e., that the average stature of the Avar age population surpassed that of the local Roman age inhabitants can underline the role of this biological feature in the separation of different ethnical units. 39
