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Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Comparative statistical studies on the physical anthropology of the Carpathian basin population between the 6–12th centuries A. D. p. 89–141.
Fig. 4: Distribution area of the series belonging to cluster 1 Cluster 5 This is again a small group of loosely associated samples. Brachycrania and Europoid racial characters are the sources of similarity within this cluster wich does not contain series from the Carpathian Basin (Table 7, Figure 6). Finally, the three samples which could not be linked with any of the clusters should be mentioned. The Árpád Period sample from Békés-Povád is isolated from a metric point of view because of the unusually great height of its facial part. The two Late Bronze Age samples could not be classified into any of the clusters defined on the basis of skull measurements due to the unusually proportioned brain case and facial skeleton. B) In investigating the possible causes of similarities within clusters and subclusters one must consider three factors influencing varying degrees of similarity/difference. These include ethnic, geographical and taxonomic aspects. It seems most likely, that the homogeneity of subcluster 2/b and clusters 3 and 4 is caused by relative ethnic similarity as well as by a lack of taxonomic variability. In the first case the ethnic background may have been represented by "Saka" and "Sarmatian" groups. A similar role might have been played by "Avars" and "nomadic Turks" in the formation of clusters 3 and 4 respectively. It seems also to be likely that a geographically determined anthropological character is the chief cause of the an increasing number of Euro-mongoloid and even Mongoloid elements may be observed in addition to the dominance of Europoid major race in the cluster. This cluster is of most importance in understanding the physical traits of populations in the Carpathian Basin. With the exception of two eastern series, all the rest (10 series) came from a restricted period and area of this geographical unit. They represent Avar Period populations which occupied the territory between the Danube and Tisza rivers. Thus, 36.4 percent of all Avar Period samples are included in this sub-cluster (Figure 6). Cluster 4 This is a small assemblage with not too strong withincluster similarities. Members of this group were clustered mainly on the basis of their Mongoloid and partly Euro — Mongoloid racial character in addition to the brachycrania which is the dominant feature their skull form (Table 7). Five of the six samples included in this group are of eastern origin while only one comes from the Avar Period in the Carpathian Basin (4,5%). The nucleus of this group is made up of 7-13th century A. D. "nomadic Turk" samples, three of which were discovered in eastern Middle Asia and one was excavated next to the walls of Sarkel by the Don river (Figure 6). 94
