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Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Comparative statistical studies on the physical anthropology of the Carpathian basin population between the 6–12th centuries A. D. p. 89–141.

Fig. 5: Distribution area of the series belonging to cluster 2 association between the series of subcluster 1/b. From an ethnic point of view one may detect "eastern Slavic" and "eastern" Finnic" elements underlining these similarities. Examples of taxonomic similarities can be recognized between the members of subcluster 1/a and 2/a respectively. One of them is a western formation, while the other represents an eastern phenomenon. Both of these are however, equally ethnically mixed as well as being widely distributed. The eastern group is better known since it is represented by greater quantities in the analysis. The population represented by subcluster 2/a seems to be composed chiefly of eastern steppe peoples who were pushed toward the territory of Europe around the 5th century A. D. by the afore-mentioned great wave of migration. It is much more difficult to interpret the similarity between the series included in subcluster 1/a. The main causes of these difficulties are the problems arising from insufficient sample sizes. Because early, Iron Age members of this subcluster (distributed between the Dnepr region and Western Europe) studied here are all from the Northern Pontic area it is impossible to tell whether the population represented by this subcluster reached the western territories by migration or whether the physical traits are simply products of local evolution. The possibility of migration would be supported by the east to west movement of steppe people. This explanation seems to be particularly reasonable for those series found in the Carpathian Basin. At the same time one may also assume regionally developments clustered around various centers. This is especially supported by the historical evidence which e. g. excludes the eastern origin of all the "western Germanic" sample in this subcluster. It seems similarly to be unlikely that the origin of "western Slavic" samples (among others the Mikulcice population) can be directly traced back to a Northern Pontic population of the Late Scythian Period. Unfortunately, no satisfactory answer is provided by the incomplete data set related to this problem. It is particularly sad that samples from the Carpathian Basin which are of primary concern in this study are abundantly represented in this subcluster which is unusually difficult to analyze. IV. MATERIAL FROM THE AVAR PERIOD 1. General characteristics Traditionally, archaeological research has divided the Avar Period into 2 phases. The early phase falls between 568 and 670 A. D. in the Carpathian Basin and, while the latter lasted from 670 A. D. until approximately 800 A.D. More recent archaeological research permits distinction between three phases. The earliest of these, Phase I falls approximately between 568 to 630 A. D. Phase II extends 95