Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 20. 1980 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1983)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Pogány Lajos: Compar ative Measurement of Ancient Ceramics using the Scanning Elektron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis. p. 181–184.
COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENT OF ANCIENT CERAMICS USING THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS The compositions of three small pieces of ancient pottery were compared in this study. The sherds had broken surfaces. None of the pieces were covered by a graphitic layer. The Experiment: A JSM 35 Scanning Electron microscope equipped with a PGT —1000 XCEL energy dispersive X-ray microprobe was used to investigate the morphology and compisition of the ceramics. The accelerating voltage was 15 keV, the beam current was 100 pA, and the take-off angle was 45°. Because of the roughness of the surface, only semi-quantitative analysis could be carried out. The spectra to be compared were taken as an area analysis at TV frequency. The area af scanning was about 100 [Am x 100 ]xm during the measurement. The spectra measured such a way are characteristic of the given sample surfaces and are useful comparing each to the other. Sample 1: Fragment of a Dreihausen type vessel (origin: Székesfehérvársziget). The morphology of the broken surface is rough. The sherd contains many bubbles of gas within its material. The gas bubbles show that the sherd was fired at a temperature which was not as high as that of sample 2. The spectra (fig. 1) taken from the glazed side and from the inner surface show clear differences in the following elements : Sulfur, Iron, and Potassium. The relative peak aplitudes of Aluminium and Silicon are the same for both measurement points. Sample 2: Fragment of a Dreihausen type vessel (origin: Tác). The fact that the sherd was fired at a higher temperature than sample one may be seen by the absence of gas bubbles in its body which is much denser than that of sample one. The spectra (fig. 2) taken from both sides (glazed and opposite side) contained a peak for Potassium. The Potassium peak on the clay side is smaller than the peaks for Potassium and Iron on the glazed surface. This phenomenon becomes possible because the Potassium and Iron diffusions are inhanced by higher temperatures and these componants become more equally distributed throughout the matrix. Sample 3: Fragment of a Siegburg type vessel (origin: Sopron). The body of the sherd contains gas bubbles which also indicate that it was fired at a lowen temperature compared to sample 2. The spectra produced during the analysis of both the glazed and inner sides of the sherd display no significant differences. Analysis of the glazed side shows higher peaks for Potassium and Iron as well as a small peak for Magnesium. The presence of Calcium cannot be demonstrated for either spectrum. Conclusions.: Based on the semi-quantitative X-ray microanalysis it appears that Sample 1 and 2 are of identical origin but were fired at different temperatures. Sample 3 has a different chemical composition and therefore must have been of different origin as well. L. Pogány 181
