Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 20. 1980 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1983)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Comparative statistical studies on the physical anthropology of the Carpathian basin population between the 6–12th centuries A. D. p. 89–141.

History: considering that group A belongs to subcluster 2/a, one may assume that it was formed somewhere in the steppe belt east of the Dnepr river. More accurate identification of the original location however, is impossible due to the lack of eastern analogies. Intuitively one may speculate as to whether the members of group A developed into a uniform population somewhere along the border of Kazakhstan and South Siberia (Figure 47). The similarity with Avar Period Homokmégy may be considered only secondary. Considering however that one is dealing with the earlier population from the same geographical area, some kind of a relationship between the two samples should not be entirely excluded. Unfortunately, no temporal or geographical coordinates of such a possible connection may be identified on the basis of data currently available. Similarity observed between group A and BeSenov from the Árpád Period on the other hand, may equally be a sign of common (territorial or ethnic) origin, or proof of continuity in the population's history. Fig. 48: Dendrogram showing the analogies of group В Fig. 49: Dendrogram showing the analogies from "Sarmatians' from the Ukraine Fig. 47: Dendrogram showing the analogies of "Usunes" from Kazakhstan Group В (No. 100; subcluster 2/a, Figure 48). The greater part of this sample including the material from 12 sites from the Upper Tisza river region is made up by entirely Europoid individuals. Still, Euro-mongoloids also contribute a considerable proportion of 31 percent(

10

). This latter part also contains Turanoid elements, but the majority belongs to the Uraloid type. Analogies: "Sarmatian" populations from the 4th century В. C. — 4 th century A. D. Ukraine (No. 27) and 4th century В. C. — 2nd century A. D. Lower Volga river region (No. 24), the 3rd century B. C. — 1st century A. D. "Usune" sample from Kazakhstan (No. 19), the 3rd century В. C. — 1st century A. D. sample from the Altaic foothills (No. 16), the 7—10th century A. D. Turkic sample from the same territory (No. 47), the 1st century A. D. Tuz-Gyr from the South Aral region (No. 21), the 8—9th century A. D. "proto-Bulgarian" Bolshie Tarkhany (No. 39), the A

—9th century A. D. Skalistoe from the Northern Pontic region (No. 57), the Avar Period Szeged-Makkoserdő (No. 89), group С from the Period of the Hungarian Conquest (No. 101), the Árpád Period BeSenov (No. 104) and SzékesfehérvárSzárazrét (No. 119). History: group В again belongs to subcluster 2/a. This position and close parallels place its origin in the steppe belt east of the Dnepr river. A more exact location for this group's formation may have been between the Dnepr river and the south-southeastern extension of the Ural Mountains, west of the area assigned to group A (See Figures 10; and 47 ; also Figure 49). Striking similarities between group (10) The sites concerned are as follows : BodrogszerdahelyBálványhegy, Beszterec-Gyalaptanya, Karos-Eperjesszög, Kenézló-Fazekaszug II, Nagyhalász-Zomborhegy, Rakamaz I and II, Rétközberencs-Paromdomb, TiszaeszlárBashalom II, Tiszavasvári-Aranykerti tábla, TuzsérBoszorkányhegy, Újfehértó-Micskepuszta. В and the almost contemporary population from Bolshie Tarkhany may be understood when Figure 50 is studied. Analogies to this latter suggest that similarities do not stem from common origin but probably are the result of a long coexistence within the same geographical area. Namely, no "Sarmatian" series occur among the analogies of Bolshie Tarkhany, while at the same time two "Usune" analogies exist. This is why the location from which the population of Bolshie Tarkhany originated seems to be slightly east of the place where group В formed. Similarities between group В and the Avar Period Szeged —Makkoserdő and group С respectively are only of secondary character. The same holds true for the two secondary analogies from the Period of the Árpád Dynasty. Fig. 50: Dendrogram showing the analogies of Bolshie Tarkhany Group С (No. 101 ; subcluster 1/b, Figure 51). This group was formed using craniological material from 8 Transdanubian sites and 5 sites from the northern hilly region. The greater part of the population is entirely Europoid. Euro-mongoloid individuals make up some 5 percent of this group(

u

). Close analogies : the 3rd century В. С — 3rd century A. D. Late Scythian Period Zolotaya Balka from the Northern Pontic region (No. 29), the A

—9th century A. D. Skalistoe from the Northern Pontic region (No. 57), the 11—12 century A. D. Kairy from the Northern Pontic region (No. 56), the 9—13th century A. D. "eastern Slavic" "Polyans" (No. 61), the A

—6th century A. D. "western Germanic" Jura sample (No. 66), the Avar Period Virt (No. 96), and Zelovce (No. 97), group В from the Period of the Hungarian Conquest (No. 100), Rusovce (No. 116), and Zalavár (No. 120). from the Árpád Period. (11) The sites concerned are as follows: Aldebrő-Mocsáros, Budapest Óbuda-Csúcshegyi dűlő, Dunaalmás, EgerSzépasszonyvölgy, Kál, Nagylók-Erdőmajor, Nagytarcsa, Nógrádkövesd, öttevény, Sárbogárd, SzabadbattyánKülcsapda, Szomód, Tengelic. 107