Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 20. 1980 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1983)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Comparative statistical studies on the physical anthropology of the Carpathian basin population between the 6–12th centuries A. D. p. 89–141.

Fig. 51: Dendrogram showing the analogies of group С History: as far as is suggested by the position within subcluster 1/b and the closest analogies, group С was probably formed between the East European parkland region and the neighboring steppe belt somewhere northnortheast of the Black and Azovian Seas. The accurate identification of this location is made impossible by lack of primary analogies. The single early analogy (Zolotaya Balka) is not reliable because of its secondary position. Similarities between group С and the "Polyan" sample itself suggest that these populations may have been the northern neighbors of group С (Figure 52). Primary analogies with the "Polyan" group are provided by the "Mordvinians" to the northeast, "Dregovichians" and "Radimichians" to the northwest, which are not at all related to group С in a craniological sense. Similarity between group С and the Avar Period 2elovce population from the region of the Ipoly river presents a more complex problem. This similarity may have two different explanations. On the one hand, it may be hypothesized that some Avar Period elements representing continuity mixed with the population of group С during its early history. Another possibility is even more likely because of the similarities involved which are in part secondary in character: the population from which the Z^lovce group descended may have lived in the immediate neighborhood of group С in the Eastern European territory. As has been mentioned previously, the 2elovce population originally probably inhabited an "eastern Finnic" environment, which lay along the lower Kama river. Group С however, is not related to the population which lived in this area. Thus, it is also possible that the 2elovce population represents the link between the people of the "eastern Finnic" area and group C. A similar role was played by the "Polyan" group among the populations of "eastern Slavic" territories. The link between group С and group В from the Period of the Hungarian Conquest is secondary while the same holds true for the samples from Rusovce and Zalavár. In these latter cases however, one must consider the possibility of a common origin in the same East European area. The Rusovce population lived in the 10—11th century A. D. Thus, one should not rule out the possibility that it came into the Carpathian Basin together with group C. Furthermore it may not be excluded that the 11—12th century A. D. Zalavár population also includes the descendants of group С from the western Transdanubian region of Hungary. Group D (No. 102; subcluster 2/a). This group includes material from 6 sites located between the Kőrös and Maros rivers. It is dominated by entirely Europoid type individuals. Euromongoloids make up 17 percent sample(

12

). No analogy is known. History: this group has probably formed in the steppe belt east of the Dnepr river as is suggested by its position in subcluster 2/a. Due to lack of analogies, the location cannot be accurately identified. B) When the reconstructed localities of origin and habitation areas within the Carpathian Basin are studied for each conquering group, a phenomenon may be observed which is similar to that outlined during the analysis of the Avar Period series. Groups which might have been formed in the steppe belt east of the Dnepr river (groups А, В and D) settled on the Great Plain following the conquest. On the other hand, group С from the Dnepr river region occupied the areas of Transdanubia and the northern hilly region. This is in line with the hypothesis that geographical considerations may have had priority in the decision making process, when new habitation areas were chosen. 2. The problem of the "ancestral home" The above mentioned places of origin which belong to the various groups from the Period of the Hungarian Conquest are shown in Figure 53. Unfortunately, due to lack of appropriate data group D is not shown in this picture. The population of group A was probably formed in the easternmost section of this territory, wholly in the Asian part. This area now corresponds to the territory of modern Kazakhstan and South Siberia. Group В originated west of this area partly in the European and partly in the Asian section. The center of formation for this group lies between the Northern Caspian region and the southern ranges of the Ural Mountains. Finally, the population of group С probably came from the European area between the Northern Pontic and Northern Azovian regions in addition to the forest steppe belt. These all suggest that group В represents a link between the populations of group A and С not only in terms of craniological characteristics but in a geographical sense as well. One should however, define concepts such as ancestral home or place of origin more accurately. On the basis of this evidence the only fact which with great likelihood seems to emerge is that the populations of the three (and perhaps all four) groups were present in the territories under discussion as early as the second half of the Iron Age i. e. the 4—2nd centuries В. C. Linguistic and historical data (12) The sites concerned are as follows: Gerendás-Petőfi TSz, Gerendás-Vízvári tanya, Orosháza-Görbics tanya, Orosháza-Dózsa TSz, Szabadkígyós-Pálliget, SzabadkígyósTangazdaság. 108 Fig. 52: Dendrogram showing the analogies of "Polyans"