Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Reconstruction on the tenth Century Population of Sárbogárd on the Basis of Archaeoloogical and Anthropological Data. – A sárbogárdi X. századi közösség rekonstrukciója régészeti és embertani adatok alapján. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 93–147. t. XXVI–XLV.
Fig. 7. Frequency of furnished graves in 10-1 lth c. cemeteries In grave 12 there was a small iron knife next to the right side of the skull. In grave 30 there were two iron knives at the outside of the right caput humeri, an iron strike-alight above the right clavicle and two flints around the sternum. In grave 59 there was a larger iron knife between the femurs. In grave 55 a belt was likely placed on the right side of the skull as indicated by an iron buckle. All four graves were undisturbed. A flaked triangular arrowhead, an outstanding example, found in grave 50 creates a puzzle. Here not only the displacement of the implement but its very presence is striking because in the 10th century the stone implements were already not in general use. Since it served as an arrowhead only in the Neolithic such a flaked arrowhead could have been put into a grave in the 10th century only for cultic reasons. This is supported by the position of the object. In the grave was a man of 52—56 years of age having a strong build. A plam-sized stone was placed both on his mouth and two others on his left chest (in the vicinity of the heart). The arrowhead was between the two femure in front of the faciès symphyseas with the point towards the symphyses. All these indicate acts done by the dead during his life-time or must represent relation for them: ist possible that they were related to certain precautions. (Plate XXXIX, 1—2) J. Rites After Inhumation No phenomena could be observed in the graves of the cemetery which indicate the performance of further ritual ceremonies after placing the dead in the grave (e.g., throwing cut locks of hair after him, digging head markers into the ground, etc.). 2. The finds A. Grave Furniture Of the graves of the cemetery 40.6% contained furniture. (I studied only the data of the 91 graves of the excavation. Althouth green stains were observable on some of the sporadically found bones —indicative of finds — these could not be included in the examination since even those graves in which no pating remained on the bones could contain finds.) Graves with furniture show a relatively even distribution in the cemetery (see Figure 2). If we compare the amount of furniture found in Sárbogárd to that of the chosen cemeteries we gain the following results (Figure 7). The greatest number of graves, with furniture is from the cemetery of Kenézlő dated to the first half of the 10th century and the least number of graves with goods was discovered in the cemetery of Zalavár dated to the 11th or rather to the beginning of the 12th century. This is due to commonly known causes. The gradual spread of Christian rites resulted in the reduction of the furniture belonging to the dead. In addition the economic status of the community or its dress was; also manifest in differences. Since the Figure contained the cemeteries in relative chronological order the reduction of grave goods starting out from the beginning of the 10th century and progressing towards the 12th century is clearly visible. The proportion of graves within the Sárbogárd cemetery corresponds to the contemporary average. Now let us examine how the grown-ups are supplied with grave goods. In Sárbogárd the furniture in the graves are distributed according to sex as follows: 36.4% for men, 46.4% for women (40.0% for children). Among the cemeteries listed in Figure 8 we find the men being more supplied with grave furniture only in the cemetery of Szakáihát. The proportion of grave furniture in the cemeteries of Kenézlő and Bashalom are the same, but in the other seven cemeteries the grave furniture gradually increases for women. Thus it can be noted that on the 7* 99
