Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 6.-7. 1965-1966 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1966)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bándi Gábor: The Cemetery of Ercsi-Sinatelep. VI–VII, 1965–66. p. 11–25. t. I–XIV.

lexes of „Kisapostag character", we are bound to interpret the Kulcs elements in our material as indirect phenomenon, appearing through the mediation of Szigetszentmiklós or the Ökörhalom basis. Thus I to IV of the hitherto uncovered groups of graves of the Sinatelep cemetery have an early Vatya character, whereas group V, the material of which has been reviewed above, shows a complete identity with the ,,Kisapostag groups with Nagyrév connections" of the enumerated cemeteries. If we turn now to a thorough analysis of the cemeteries called „Kisapostag" ones, including our group V, and of the problem of the entire culture in the light of these, we may put a series of hitherto unanswered questions. The culture has been investigated for almost 25 years; let us summarize the research made on it in the following. Before the definition of the culture or the detachment of its material, respectively, the scattered pottery with cord-ornament, uncovered in the Bronze Age material of Transdanubia, used to be published in several connections. The first finds have been assorted to the Nagyrév, the Bell-Beaker or the Lovasberény—Vatya material.

50 It is a merit of A. Mozsolics to have noticed the genetic line of the Kisapostag archaeological material, resulting in its seperation from the Bronze Age cultures of Transdanubia.

51 Mozsolics identified the culture of the „österreichische-burgenlädische Schnurkeramik", outlined by Pittioni and other Austrian scholars, labelled in this manner by the former, with the earlier excavated Kisapostag cemetery,

53 stating that the centre (not the origin) of this culture ought to be placed just into Transdanubia.

64 This is how the history of the self-standing Kisapostag culture or group has begun in the Hungarian research on the Bronze Age. In his comprehensive work on the Early Bronze Age, P. P a t a y only touched the problems of the group, since Mozsolics' monograph was being prepared at the same time.

55 He emphasized the connections between the Litzenkeramik and Kisapostag, he directed the attention to the differences in the ornamental technique, nevertheless.

56 Further the author supposed a near relationship with the Nagyrév 50 A. BÁLINT: op cit.; F. TOMPA: BRGK 1934/35, pp. 64 seq. 51 A. MOZSOLICS: The Evolution of the Bronze Age in Transdanubia (in Hungária), VSz 4 (1937) pp. 234 seq.; id., County Fejér in the Bronze Age (in Hungarian), SzSz. (1938), I—II, pp. 31 seq. 52 R. PITTIONI: Zur Frage der Schnurkeramik in Österreich. FF 10 (1934) pp. 343 seq.; F. HAUTMANN: Burgenland 3 (1930) pp. 117 seq.; R. PITTIONI—E. WURTH: MAG 65 (1935) pp. 158 seq. 53 A. MOZSOLICS: VSz 4 (1937) pp. 234 seq. 54 Ibid. .55 P. PATAY : Cultures of the Early Bronze Age in Hungary culture too, although he endeavoured to support this thesis by stray finds outside the basic area. Besides he drew attention to the connections with the Bell-Beaker folk, the Vucedol and Vatya cultures too, mentioning some parallels. He regarded the Bell-Beaker folk as its ethnical basis in Transdanubia, and he suggested that this culture radiated into the Vatya and the incrusted pottery.

57 These were the antecedents of the publication of the most important monograph on the Kisapostag group, written by A. Mo z soli с s.

£8 Since she realized the existence of the culture, the author did not change much in her views; in fact she has refined the treatment of the genetical problems and she has investigated the connections and impacts of the culture on a Central European level. She defined its evolution as being ,,the continuation of the BellBeaker culture in many respects. Its development was influenced also by the Austrian Litzenkeramik, the Vucedol culture and the corded pottery, with the mediation of the Bell-Beaker culture. Numerous elements of the Nagyrév culture are found at the eastern sites, where both cultures were intermingled in a large measure."

59 Chronologically she placed the culture into the first period of the Bronze Age. She mentioned two phases, expressing the view that period Kisapostag II were a transition to the culture of incrusted pottery. She supposed that it was extended to all Transdanubia, though she located its centre in Northeast

—Transdanubia and Veszprém county.

59 a Then the problem of this culture remained untouched by research, till I. Bona, summarizing the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin, deemed a survey and a revision of the hitherto executed investigations on the Eerly Bronze Age necessary in order to deal with the Middle Bronze Age in detail.

60 An important chapter of his work was devoted to the Vatya culture, the origin and evolution of which led him to a treatment of the Kisapostag culture. He dealt with this 'culture as an important oriental element, one of the factors developing the Early Bronze Age in Transdanubia. Genetically he established a close link with the GuntramsdorfDrassburg group,

61 then he attributed it to an important and self-standing martial folk of herdsmen, marching all over Transdanubia (in Hungarian). DissPann. 11/13 (1938) pp. 35 seq. 56 Ibid.; F. TÖMÖRDY—

К. WILLVONSEDER

: BHb (1936) pp. 74 seq. 57 P. PATAY: op. cit. pp. 38 seq. 58 A. MOZSOLICS: AH 26 (1942); id., WPZ 29 (1942) pp. 30 seq. 59 A. MOZSOLICS : Arch. Hung. 26 (1942) p. 42. 59/a Ibid. pp. 36 seq. 60 I. BONA: The Bronze Age ... I, chapter ,,The Early Age"; id., Geschichte . . . op. cit. pp. 5 seq. 61 R. PITTIONI: Urgeschichte des österreichischen Raumes (Wien 12954) pp. 242 seq.; H. ULREICH: BHb 25 (1963) pp. 73 seq. 20