Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 6.-7. 1965-1966 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1966)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bándi Gábor: The Cemetery of Ercsi-Sinatelep. VI–VII, 1965–66. p. 11–25. t. I–XIV.

from West to East, finally he labelled it as an important factor (together with the Nagyrév culture) in the evolution of the Danubian Vatya culture.

62 We shall return to this question in more detail yet. * * * Now let us consider the problems connected with this culture thoroughly. The problem of extension. — A survey and a revision of the sites embraced in the Kisapostag culture is a surprise at the first sight, limiting the extension of this archaeological material to a small area. The sites may be divided into four groups, making a distinction in both a chronological and a cultural respect possible. Starting from the map of the sites published by M о z s о 1 i с s,

63 since the hitherto found stray pieces did not change the situation considerably, we have to discard the sites of the Tokod group at the beginning, presented as finds of the second Kisapostag phase by the author.

64 These appear in complexes of culturally closed settlements and cemeteries on both banks of the Danube, in this easternmost group of the Hatvan culture, reaching from the Ipoly river to the line of Süttő — Dunaalmá

s.

6

'

5 (Tokod Esztergom, Nyergesújfalu, Süttő, Dorog, Neszmél y

6&

). Their typical incrusted small jugs appear in large numbers in the early cemeteries of the incrusted ware people, living on the Little Hungarian Plain in Northern Transdanubia ; so they cannot be regarded as Kisapostag finds either, if only on account of their chronological position

67 (К о г о n с ó, Kábacsécsény — Fudpuszta, Ménfő — Csanak, Győr — Likócspuszta, Szőny — Sörház, Dunaalmás, Szórnod and Agostyán, Tata — Tóváros

68

). The second unit embraces those stray finds which testify the occurrence of the Guntramsdorf-Drassburg group, one of an Eastern derivation actually, in the area of Győr—Sopron and Vas counties. Also these sites figure as Kisapostag ones in Mozsolics' work, although the author did not regard the direct genetical con62 I. BONA: Geschichte . . . pp. 12 seq. 63 A. MOZSOLICS: AH 26 (1942) pp. 43—44. 64 Ibid., sites 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 13 from those figuring in sketch on p. 43; allusion to them in the text pp. 16 seq. €S G. BANDI: Die Lage der Tokodgruppe unter den Bronzeœibliohen Kulturen Nordtransdanubiens und der Südslowakei. Muzaica 14 /3/ (1963) pp. 23 seq. 66 Ibid. pp. 28 seq. 67 Ibid. pp. 23 seq. 68 Ibid. pp. 30 seq. 69 A. MOZSOLICS : AH 26 (1942) pp. 36 seq. 70 I. BONA : Geschichte . . . pp. 10 seq. 71 F. HAUTMANN: op. cit. pp. 117 seq.; L. FRANZ: MAG 56 (1926) pp. 220 seq.; P. PATAY: op. cit. pp. 78 seq., PI. X no. 5. 72 S. MTTHAY: Cultures of the Bronze Age in the Surroundings of Győr (in Hungarian), (Győr 1942) PL III no. 10; PI. IV no. 1. nection of both groups probable at all.

69 Bona, though renouncing the treatment of these sites one by one, probably based his assumption (not altogether convincing in our judgment) as to a large-scale migration of the Guntramsdorf-Kisapostag people of herdsmen on the testimony of these sites.'

0 As it is proved by these sites (Kőszeg, Bükk, Sopron — Városi puszta,

71 Koroncó,

72 RábacsécsényFudpuszta,

73 Mórichida — Dombiföl d,

74 Bezi — Péterházapuszta

75

), an immigration of a population of Eastern origin in Western Transdanubia cannot be doubted, but so far, pending the discovery of verified cemeteries or eventually settlements, we are unable to valuate either the size of this movement or its connections with the Zok population, to give an example, in the period of the Early Bronze Age. The more significant is the impact, also genetical in all probability, of this population on the development of the Veszprém group of the Northern Transdanubian incrusted ware people at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, supposing an adequate Zok ethnical basis naturally. This problem is in a close relation with the third group of the sites attached to the Kisapostag culture, mainly in the area of Veszprém and Tolna counties, as to the latter exclusively to the South-West of the Sió-Sárvíz line. Investigating the material of the sites, embraced under the head of Kisapostag by Mozsolics, in the Veszprém Museum, we were bound to conclude that all this material has been uncovered in a surrounding of incrusted ware, most of it in verified cemeteries, thus being chronologically younger than the Kisapostag cemeteries of Eastern Transdanubia (Veszprém— Papvásártér, Udvardy house, Fojt house; Szentkirályszabadj a)

76

. Beyond them almost each incrusted find complex shows a vigorous impact of the earlier Western Transdanubian Guntramsdorf population, nay we may follow this phenomenon to the far South-East, down to the northern part of Baranya county

77 (Fonyód — Bézsenypuszta,

78 Siófok, Szebény, Szentiő73 Ibid., Pl. III nos 8a—8b, 74 Ibid., Pl. II no. 5. 75 Ibid., Pl. II nos 6 to 7. 76 A. MOZSOLICS: AH 26 (1942) pp. 43 seq.; В. KUZSINSZKY: Archaeology of the Balaton Region (in Hungarian), (Budapest 1920). 77 Proceeding to the South-East of the Northern Transdanubian sites, we may observe this phenomenon continually ; in our judgment, it may have a close relation to the evolution of the Southern Transdanubian incrusted ware culture. 78 A. MOZSOLICS : AH 26 (1942) p. 15, Fig. 1, nos 1 to 5. An investigation of the scanty material of this cemetery leads us to the supposition of incrusted grave-goods, coloured by strong Eastern „Litzenkeramik" influences in our case. (The suggestion made in note 77 applies also to this site.) 21