Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 6.-7. 1965-1966 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1966)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bándi Gábor: The Cemetery of Ercsi-Sinatelep. VI–VII, 1965–66. p. 11–25. t. I–XIV.

b) A form wholly identical to the preceding, but with a pedestal (grave 18, PI. VI no. 1; grave 23, PL VIII no. 5; grave 24, PL VIII no. 7). This type occurs in a smaller size too, it has a hemispherical body in some cases. These specimens nay be called pedestalled dishes or bowls (grave 23, PL VIII no. 6; grave 24, PL IX no. 1). This form of bowl occurs in numerous specimens in the Szigetszentmiklós group, and later it is divulged in the Kulcs one (Dunaújváros— Dun

adűlő,

35 Bölcske — Szentandráspuszt a,

36 Budapest — Vámosegyház a,

37 Dunaújváros — Öreghegy^

8 Kulcs,

L9 Rácalmás —Virághegy,

40 Paks, Dunaújváro s

41

). Jugs, jars. — The archaeological material of our group presents two shapes of these. a) A form with an extended globular or almost cylindrical body, one-handled, with a flaring rim. The junction of the bulge and the neck is never pronounced. It may be regarded as a special variety of the classical Nagyrév jar and jug. It has come to light in a number of graves (e.g. grave 21, PL VII no. 6; grave 23, PL VIII no. 4; graves 34—35, PL XII nos 5—6). This type is frequent with the Szigetszentmiklós group, its specimens are found in almost each grave of the cemeteries of the Kulcs type.

42 b) The so-called ,,Kisapostag jug". It is represented by a single specimen in our group of graves (grave 21, PL VII nos 1—5). Similarly to the Kisapostag urn, this type has been found only in the groups of graves defined as Kisapostag and. Kisapostag

—Vatya ones (D u n apentele, Kulcs, Kisapostag, Bölcske— Szentandráspuszt a

43

). Bronze jewels. — All types of the jewels uncovered in the four graves, much damaged by fire, may be attached to the forms appearing at the turn of the Early and Middle Bronze Ages. Their southern origin or connections are beyond doubt by now.

44 Bone pin. — (Grave 23, PL VIII no. 3.) This find, unique in our cemetery, unearthed in a typical Nagyrév complex, is known from the Kulcs cemeteries (Dunapentele, Kisa p о s t a g

45

). Thus the detailed analysis of the finds yielded by our group of graves made it clear that almost all types of pottery may be attached on 35 Alba Regia 2/3 (1961—62) Pl. XVI no. 15. 36 Ibid. PI. XVH no. 2. 37 Ibid. PI. XVIII no. 8. 38 Ibid. PI. XVIII no. 7. 39 I. BONA: Alba Regia 1 (1960) PL II nos 10, 14; Pl. V nos 5, 8 15. 40 Ibid. Pl. IX no. 16. 41 Ibid. Pl. X no. 17. 42 Id., it is frequent in the material of both his Nagyrév studies. 43 A. MOZSOLICS : op. cit. Pl. II; further I. Bona mentions numerous specimens in the Vatya material in formation. formal grounds to the Nagyrév culture, and in its framework to the Szigetszentmiklós (to some extent the Kulcs) group. Nor does the fact trouble our view that our complex embraces the types of two groups, since these are connected genetically and, although this is not established convincingly yet, also chronologically to some extent.

46 The characteristics of these two groups appear mingled in our cemetery, since the Nagyrév features found here are present in both groups equally. So there are several links connecting the group of graves, uncovered in the southern part of the Sinatelep cemetery, to the Nagyrév culture and especially the Szigetszentmiklós group. This relation.is by no means contradicted by the general view of the group of graves, nor by the rite and system of the whole cemetery. Nevertheless, we have to go further in looking for connections, as our group of graves is more than and, to some extent, different from the so-called „pure cemeteries" of the Nagyrév culture. The exact parallels of our group of graves and the entire Sinatelep cemetery are to be found among those cemeteries which are made up by the so-called „Kisapostag, Kisapostag

—Vatya" and early Vatya groups in their entirely. It was I. Bona who has collected these sites so important from our point of view and, analyzing the structure of these cemeteries, has illustrated the development of the Vatya culture or thé amalgamation of the Nagyrév and Kisapostag cultures on the groups of the same.

47 The mentioned sites are the following : Kisapostag, Kulcs, Dunapentele, Bölcske — Szentandráspuszta. In these the author has established the following cultural components in the framework of a cemetery: 1. Pure Nagyrév groups of graves, lacking any foreign influence (belonging to the Kulcs type). 2. Kisapostag groups with strong Nagyrév influence. 3. Kisapostag—Vatya or Vatya groups of graves, respectively, also with a strong Nagyrév impact.

48 In these cemeteries the pure Nagyrév groups of graves, as it is shown by В ó n a convincingly,

49 have no connections with the socalled Kisapostag groups of graves. Nor did their life coincide chronologically. If, on the other hand, we establish a connection, much probable in the light of archaeological material, between our group of graves and these comp44 In the quoted two Nagyrév studies I. Bona has dealt with the origin and connections of the various metal types in detail. 45 I. BONA: Alba Regia 1 (1960) pp. 12 seq. 46 Ibid. p. 15. 47 I. BONA: The Bronze Age . . . chapter „The Vatya culture"; id., Geschichte . . . AUSBSH 3 (1961) pp. 10 and 12 seq. 48 I. BONA : The Bronze Age ... I, in connection with the Vatya culture in formation, pp. 70 seq., Geschichte . . . pp. 12 seq. 49 Ibid. » 19