Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 4.-5. 1963-1964 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1965)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bóna István: The Peoples of Southern Origin of the Early Bronze Age in Hungary I–II. IV–V, 1963–64. p. 17–63. t. I–XVII.

7. Store-jars. Wide-mouthed, rather large vessels, with a handle arching from the neck to the belly. At Fenék the surface under the neck is ornamented with a crosslike applied chessboard-shaped incision (PL XIV no. 5), the Nagy árpád store-jar is the same but lower. The body of the store-jars found at Somogyvár is scabrous (PL XI no. 8

: PL XII no. 5). 8. Beakers. More important types: 8/a. Biconical, with a splayed rim, a round strap handle on the belly, Somogyvár (PL X no. 9, PL XI no. 4); a wide-mouthed variety was found at Ljubljana (PL XVII no. 5). 87b. A one-handled cup-like shape with a hemispherical body and a flat bottom: Ljubljana (PL XVII no. 7). 9. Cups. The small cups found at Somogyvár (PL XI nos 1, 3) have forms not worth a desciption; similar pieces are frequent in the Vucedol culture as well. Decoration. Decorated vases occurred only in Group A so far, though the overwhelming majority of them lacks any ornament even in this group. The only motive of a rather frequent application is the zigzag pattern, incised of smoothly drawn with a bone implement. We find it in a double (PL XL no. 6, PL XVI no. 9), triple (PL X no. 4,) and plural, bundle-like variety (PL XI no. 5, PL XIV no. 6

; PL XV no. 13, XVI nos 1—2, 5—6, 8). In the last case it is sometimes divided at two spots by a vertical line (PL XI no. 5, XIV no. 9) or it is bordered by a stripe of horizontal lines (PL XVI nos 1—2, 8—9). We find a variety of this ornament also on the Nagy árpad jug (PL XVI no. 4). this one, the Kornye and the Ljubljana specimens are decorated by a wart ornament too (PL XII no. 4, PL XVII. no 5). On the side and the wide handle of a Nezsider jug incised lozenge patterns with striped interiors are seen (PL XIII no. 6). On the handle this pattern was produced by staband-drag technique in the shape of a pseudocord, three such zigzag ornaments, chased with such a pseudo-cord technique, are found on the two-handled store-jar at Fenék (PL XIV no. 1). 5. Chronological situation of the group The relative chronological situation of the Somogyvár group in Western Hungary is well illustrated by its connections. 36 Cf. notes 17-18. 37 J. BANNER: Die Péceler Kultur Pl. 119. 38 Ibid. 51-52. 39 S.GALLUS: Győr története Pl. 18 no. 4. 3 Alba Regia l Connections with the Pécel — Baden culture. As to shapes and execution of ceramic ware no connection can be established between both potteries. J. Banner has written on the related Pécel features of the zigzag decoration of jugs and cylindrical beakers found at Somogyvár, Zók and Pécs.

36 In the enumerated cases a certain similarity of patterns is doubtless, this may hardly prove a connection, however. The Pécel zigzag motives were differently incised in the vase, generally deeper, they have an other role and character too."

7 At some places characteristic vessels of our group were uncovered in settlements (Pécs—Makárhegy, Zók—Várhegy, Kéthely— Baglyas, Koroncó, but also the Somogyvár territory yielded Pécel type pottery) where the people of the Pécel culture was living earlier. In the first two settlements the Pécel culture was supplanted by the Vucedol one.

38 Although the stratigraphical conditions are unknown, these vessels must fall between these two cultures. Not only in these two settlements but in the entire Western Hungary a self-standing period of the Somogyvar group seems to be borne out by the fact that an immediate connection of the Pécel and Vucedol finds may not be established anywhere, evidently because the Somogyvár group was wedged between them. The coevity of the Somogyvár group and the Late Pécel population, having migrated to the Vienna basin, is shown by the Leobersdorf and Lichtenworth torques graves, to be- dealt with in detail below. There is a strong probability for the suggestion that these torques were brought by the movement of the Somogyvár folk from the South-East to the North—West. Connections with the Vucedol (Zók) culture. Among settlements consisting of layers, Zók, Pécs—Makárhegy and Nagy árpád yielded typical Somogyvár vases. Their stratigraphical position is unknown. At Pókaszepetk our jug came to light together with the fragment of a Zók type round pedestalled bowl, also Lengyel and Koroncó*'' gave Vucedol finds. Some vessel shapes are found in the Vucedol culture which are common the Somogyvár ones or very similar to them. Such are in the first place the relative^ of the undecorated, one-handled, globular jugs of type lb (Cseke, the Syrmian region, Zecovi etc.),

40 the characteristic water jars with cylindrical necks (Cseke, Kiskeszi, Kánya, Zecovi, Zó/c, Nagy árpád, — also with 40 B. NOVOTNY: SA 3 (1955) 56—. Pl. 8 nos 4-5; Id., Slovensko v mladsej dobe kamenej (Bratislava 1958) 48—, PI. Gl nos 1-2.