Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 4.-5. 1963-1964 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1965)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bóna István: The Peoples of Southern Origin of the Early Bronze Age in Hungary I–II. IV–V, 1963–64. p. 17–63. t. I–XVII.

4. Pitvaros type pottery The vases found in the cemeteries of the Pitvaros group are of various qualities. Bowls are usually badly burnt and this holds good of a part of two-handled mugs too. Other vessels, first of all the Nagyrév type import pottery to be dealt with in the following item, are of a better material and work. The majority of local vases have thick sides. Their levigation and burning is typical of the Early Bronze Age, i.e. granulous and porous, in the case of smaller vessels we observe smoothed surfaces and patches on a brownish-red or sepia-brown ground colour. Two-handled mugs. This is the leading form of the group. The shapes are manifold, having one essential feature in common: the handles start from the rim and join the body above the bulge of the vessel. We may distinguish four more important varieties: a) rather high form joining a compressed globular lower part by an arched neck (e.g. Pitvaros 26, 30, 38, ОЪеЪа 7, 14) (Pl. II nos 9, 11, 14; PL Ill no. 7; Pl. IX nos 3, 5). b) A stubbier, more compressed form with a wide mouth (e. g. Pitvaros, graves 5 and 26) (PI. I nos 6—7; Pl. II no. 10). c) A form with a compressed lower part, a neck tapering like a truncated cone and handles arched somewhat slantwise (e. g. Pitvaros, graves 12, 18, 36) (PI. I no. 12; PL II. no. 2; PL III no. 6). d) A cylindrical upper part with a wide mouth, sitting on a truncated cone-shaped lower part (Pitvaros, grave 4) (PL I no. 4). Bowls. They are extremely variegated, there are no identical pieces. So their typology has only a general character. Special Pitvaros types: 1. A double-conical low form with a well inverted rim, having a deep groove. It has usually two handles near to each other, sometimes also a third one on the opposite side. (E. g. Pitvaros, grave 15, 43, Röszke) (PL I no. 15; PL III no. 11; PL V no. 15). 2. A high, deeply grooved rim on a truncated cone-shaped lower part. Usually 1 to 3 handles. (E. g. Pitvaros, graves 10, 18, 24, 37, Óbéba, grave 15) (PL I no. 8, PL II nos 3, 5; PL III no. 8; PL IX no. 6). 3. A simple truncated cone-shaped bowl with a slightly inverted rim. Under the rim there is a horizontal wart handle, pierced by 1 or 2 holes usually (e. g. Pitvaros, graves 1, 34 and stray find) (PL I no. 1; PL III nos 10, 15). 4. A bowl with a hemispherical lower part and a high neck (Pitvaros, grave 49) (PL III. no. 13). General Early Bronze Age form: A bowl of conical lower part with a slightiy erect or somewhat arched short rim, 2 to 4 handles (e. g. Pitvaros, graves 2, 3, 12, 17, 19, 25) (PL I nos 2, 3, 11; PL II nos 1, 4, 7). This form of bowl is familiar in the Early Bronze Age all over Hungarian territory. Pots. Somewhat compressed globular vessels of a rather large size, having short arched necks with adjoining strap handles. A variety has a longer neck and 4 perforated wart handles above the belly. The ОЪеЪа and Pitvaros specimens are standing on a low quadrangular tubular support, the other Pitvaros pot has a low cylindrical pedestal, the Röszke, specimen has none (ОЪеЪа, grave 7, Röszke, Pitvaros, graves 26, 30) (PL II nos 8, 13; PL V no. 14: PL IX no. 4). Beaker. The only specimen was found in grave 2 at ОЪеЪа (PL I. no. 1). Its onehandled cylindrical form is the expression of Nagyrév connections probably.

45 The decoration of the Pitvaros group pottery is poor, only the two-handled mugs have some ornament in a few cases. A horizontal punctured line is running on the bulge of the mug from grave 4 at Pitvaros (PL I. no. 4), there are 2—2 rough warts on the belly of one mug found in grave 5 (PL I no. 6), the other one has 3 parallel ribs running downwards from the bulge (PL I no. 5). A mug found in the surroundings of Szeged shows a similar ornament of ribs (PL V no. 16). One mug from grave 26 at Pitvaros has an incision of arch-like meeting double lines (PL II no. 9), the other is partitioned by a single vertical rib (PL II no. 11). The bulge of the mug from grave 14 at Óbéba is decorated with a zig-zag incision joining three horizontal lines (PL IX no. 3). The imported pottery occurring in the cemeteries of the Pitvaros group will be dealt with in the following item, the bronze gravegoods in connection with the problem of origin. 45 N. KALICZ- Arch. Ért. 84 (1957) 125-, PL 23 nos 2-3; I. BONA: Álba Regia 2-3 (1962) Pl. VIII. 2. 27