Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 2.-3. 1961-1962 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1963)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bóna István: The Cemeteries of the Nagyrév Culture. II–III, 1961–62. p. 11–23. t. I–XVIII.

small handles, the belly is decorated with four ribs (138,1883,712) (PI. XII no. 11). Szelevény. A small vase for suspension very similar to the former one (Hungarian National Museum 138, 1883, 746) (PI. XII no. 14). One-handled Nagyrév jug from the same place (138,1883.797) (PI. XI no. 8). » Szeged

—|R őszike. One-handled pot in the collection of the Szeged Museum (53,18,10). Its upper third is smooth, below a brushed surface under a lath produced by finger-impressions (PI. XI no. 9). Makó. In the collection of the local museum a one-handled pot with a furrowed rim and a brushed surface (PI. XI no. 7). A 1 p á r. According to the report of B. Majlath a one-handled Nagyrév jug was brought to a private collection from here.

27 Three ribs are running down ot the belly (PI. XI no. 6). The Szentes Museum has acquired from Szentes (Szegvár)—Tűzköves a one-handled Nagyrév jar, decorated on the upper part of the body with 3 ribs at four places each, having a brushed lower part (PI. XI no. 5). — Some sporadic finds are known from the northern group, that of the Danube bend region, too. The Vác Museum gathered from the surroundings of Vác а йшеЛу ornamented Nagyrév jar. It is one-handled, having a plastic moustache-ornament below the handle, its incised decoration in incrusted (Pi. XIII no. 11). At the same place there is a coarse double-handled pot (PI. XIII no. 12). Duna aim ás has yielded a double handled mug, with treble rib decoration on the belly and moustache ornament under the handles (PI. XIII no. 13). Szentendre in the Szentendre Museum there is 1. a one-handled Nagyrév jar, 2. a similar but smaller one, a moustache ornament below the handle. Szentendre — Pannónia dűlő. A large double-handled mug, with a moustache ornament below the handle (Hungarian National Museum 6,1942). The extension of the Kőtörés type may be localised to two areas or the time being, connected by thin threads at the most. Its seemingly more important group is situated in the south, along the middle stretch of the Tisza, roughly in the area between the mouth of the Körös and that of the Maros. To the north, e. g. at Tószeg, we are unable to present more than a single with a moustache ornament, not to be assigned to our group with certainly,

28 as a trace of the eventual connection between the group and this settlement The northern group appears at the bend of the Danube on both banks, in the area of Vác and Szentendre, to be followed till Dunaalmás certainly at the time being. Judged by a one-handled Nagyrév jar from Nezsider (Neusiedel am See) in the Mosonmagyaróvár Museum (PI. XIII no. 14), howerer, we may suppose that the group has reached farther to the west along the Danube. The more so, as some important elements of the group have farther north-western connections, as we shall see in the following. Nevertheless, there is a connecting link between the two groups, namely the cemetery of Alsónémedi. Although it cannot be classified as belonging to our group entirely, most of its connections show to this direction. We shall allude to them in detail. As to the burial rites of the Kőtörés type we have nothing but a concise and somewhat ambiguous statement, relating to fthe Szőreg graves alone. This reveals 57 B. MAJLÄTH, Arch. Ért. 18 (1898) 264, flg. 25. !И I. BONA op. cit. fig. 17 no. 9. 2

'-» N. KALICZ op. cit. pl. XXIII no. 12, pl. XXIV no. 4. that dead were buried in the four Szoreg graves in a contracted position, but an attempt was made to burn them in the grave pits afterwards. This attempt has been more or less successful. Theoretically, the strange phenomenon might reveal the process of transition froim the humation burial to the cremation. But as the Nagyrév folk (nay also its antecedents) has burned its dead everywhere at the time when the Szőreg cemetery was used, the four graves may only mean the special local variety of cremation for the time being. The Kőtörés vessels came to light "among bones" too, but as the situation of the bones is not described more exactly, we are right in supposing that they were burnt. It is to be mentioned further as regards Szőreg that the accompanying vessels were placed around the cremated man, as we are told, in the same manner as it was done with a skeleton. Each grave contained four or five vessels. In the large vessel of grave 184 the skeleton of a child was found, similarly to the pithos burials of children in the Szőreg and Deszk humation cemeteries. This is evidently the impact of the Perjámos culture. The grave-goods found in the hitherto known graves of the Kőtörés group were only vessels. The characteristic forms of the vessels are the following. Nagyrév jars and jugs. In grave 179 of Szőreg a jar of the ökörhalom type was found (PL X 2). It is connected with our group by its treble rib ornament only (PI. X m—

2). The other jars of the group are specific ones, typical of the variety in question first of all. Their compressed large bellies, often approaching the conical form, are joined by strongly arched necks which are thinner towards the upper ends. Most of them have tiny rims ,their handles are starting from under the rim, bridging over the whole neck and leaning upon the upper part, of the body (PI. XII 2, 6, 9, 12). We may recognise the relatives of thi* type in the Alsónémedi graves 8 and 12.

29 — A special feature of the jugs is their oval body (PI. XI 7). Urns. We might say that they are not characteristic of the group, especially as regards their destination. As to size they are scarcely different from other vessels of the graves. The Nagyrév jar of the Szőreg grave 193 with a sligthtly arched neck (PL X 11). has not even the form of an urn. The other „urns" from Szőreg have oval bodies, their arched necks are diveded by simall from the bodies. They are slender products with two to four handles, made of bad material (PI. X 3, 10). Their near parallel comes from grave 7 of Alsónémedi, otherwise belonging to th& ökörhalom type.

30 The parallels of the Baks urn with a compressed globular body and plastic ornament are an urn found at Tószeg—ökörhalom in 1906 (PL I no. 2) and another collected as a stray find at Szoreg in 1928 31 (PI. XI no. 12). Two-handled urns. They are known from Kőtörés and Baks, i. e. from the southern group only (PL XII 3, 8). Pots and mugs. This is the most characteristic, so to say leading vessel form of this type. The lower part is truncated cone-shaped, the belly bulging; the neck is emphatically separated, lower or higher, and wide; one or two handles are applied. The handles may start from the rim (especially with the specimens along the Danube) or from under the rim. Below the handles 30 ibid. pi. xxiv no. 8. 31 I. FOLTINY op. cit. pl. ХХШ no. 8. 16