Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 5. (Csongrád, 2002.)
Deák József Áron: A Csongrád környéki táj története a XVIII. század végétől napjainkig élőhelytérképek tükrében
landlords, which show the possible vegetiation types and landscape use in the late 18 th , mid-19 th , early 20 th and mid-20 th centuries and in 2000. Comparing these maps it's possible to see the changes and assign the priority places where habitat reconstruction is recommended as well as what kind of landscape use is sustainable. Key words: Biotop maping, landscaspe history, sustainable landscape use, rural development, landscape planning 1. Introduction The sustainable development and landscape use is one of the most popular expression used in connnection with the environmental-friendly economy. The raising populadon, the increasing economy and newer human demands changed the feature of the landscape over the years of thousands. However, the major inpacts happened after the industrialization which caused many lanscape using conflicts and environmental problems. In Hungary the major changes can be dated back to the last 150 years. Although the woodcover of the Carpathian-basin is decreasing since the iron-ages, until the end of the 19 th century Hungary could preserve a huge part of its natural vegetation cover, which meant grasslands in the Great Hungarian Plain. Here the major changes happened after the regulation of the riverways. The so called cape-economy dominated by fishing and cow raising was substituted with cultivation of cereals being in line with the requirements of the increasing population and economy. Describing both the past and present landscape use and vegetation-cover we need a comprehensive, easy to use category system, which includes the demands of the nature conservation too. Comparing these maps it's possible to see the changes and assign the priority places where habitat reconstruction is recommended as well as what kind of landscape use is sustainable. Recendy researchers of the Academy of Hungary's Institute of Ecology and Botany developed and accepted with wide agreement 3 new systems for the vegetation of Hungary. These are: • the Modified General National Habitat Classification System (Molnár-Horváth et al, 2000) {m-ÁNÉR) • the CORINE biotop-map system {CÉT) (Molnár-Horváth et al., 2001) • and the CORINE Land Cover system {CLC) (Molnár-Horváth et al., 2000) I used these categories for several purposes. First I made the 1:25.000 biotop-map for the Csongrád Nagyrét Nature Reserve (wetlands and gallery forests) in the South-Tisza-valley, Great Hungarian Plain (SE-Hungary) according to the m-ANER. Then I prepared the 1:50.000 CLCCET, the qualitative and the summarizing maps of natural areas for the whole surroundings of Csongrád. I also made a 1:50.000 landscape historical map-series using the CLC-CET categories, old maps (maps of 1 st and 3 rd military surveys, regulation of the riverways and landed properties of landlords, which show the possible vegetiation types and landscape use in the late 18 th , mid-19 th and early 20 th centuries. (In 2002 for the call of the EMLA Foundation I did the m-ÁNÉR type map of the water-collecting area of Rikos-steam (won't be discussed here)). 2. Material and Methods Using biotops (habitats) instead of plant associations has got several advantages. First in the plant-coenology there are 2 different attempts: the traditional Zürich-Montpellier school and the
