Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 5. (Csongrád, 2002.)

Deák József Áron: A Csongrád környéki táj története a XVIII. század végétől napjainkig élőhelytérképek tükrében

anglo-saxon method. The classic searches put more stress on the natural habitats, while the biotop maping includes the highly human influnced weed-communities, planted forests, introduced species dominated habitats, plough-lands or even human settlements too. This complex view is better for practical use as well as for the joint-sciences. The used 3 biotop category-systems are good for different purposes, and on different scale as their focuses are different, but somewhat overlapping. The first accepted system was the General National Habitat Classification System (ÂNÉR) published in Fekete-Molnár-Horváth (1997). This book describes well the certain habitats, their biogene and abiogéné features, human uses and nature conservational treatings. ). It contains the international CORINE code of these habtats too. The habitats are signed with capital letter (main group) and numbers (subgroup). A book dealing with the practical use and classification issued in 1999 by Kun and Molnár. In 2000 the system was refreshed. This is the Modified General National Habitat Classification System (m-ANER). The new system was prepared for the IBOA programme (Intensive Botanical Data Collecting) which aim was to cover the Hungarian natural biotops as much as possible (more in subsection 4). The main groups are the following (shown by capital letter): reed-grasses, swamps, bogs and moors, fresh meadows on plains and hills, grasslands in mountains and hills, alcali-soda grasslands, open dry grasslands, closed dry

7 or semi-dry grasslands, gallery and moorforests, fresh broad-leaved forests, closed dry broad-leaved forests, forests on rocky habitats, loosening dry forests and shrubs, coniferous forests, secondary swamps, meadows, fields, semi-natural secondary field-forest mosaics, secondary forests, planted forests, agricultural habitats, other habitats. The base remained the same, but new useful categories were added like woods on rock)' habitats; semi-natural fields on former plough-lands (old fallows), semi-natural vegetation in disused mines, invasive flowers dominated habitats, traditional orchards, wood-cuttings, hamlets and farms, road-side vegetation. Other categories important for rural landscape planning like seminatural vegetation in disused orchards and vineyards, young fallows, invasive tree dominated woods are mentioned in both systems. There are seperate categories for mixed natural and introduced species containing woods, locust-tree forests, cultivated poplar forests as well as for planted non-native coniferous. The agricultural habitats are classified into 11 categories, which refer to the type of cultivation and the size of the estate. The separated categories are: annual plough-land cultures, perennial plough-land cultures, vegetable and ornamental plant cultures, rice cultures, sown fields, small-field mosaics, large-scale vineyards and orchards, small-scale vineyards and orchards, small gardens, young fallows, game-fields. There are urban ecological categories: cities and housing estates, suburbs, villages, farms, parks, premises, waste heaps, opened mines (on rocky surface), sand-, clay- and gravel mines (in one category) are also listed. This system is especially good for 1:25.000 or finer maping scale if we have detailed information on a certain area. The CLC (CORINE Land Cover) (CLC50 1.4. version, Molnár-Horváth et al. 2000) attempts the landscape from the side of human use. So the categories of the natural habitats are too general, but could give us some extra information as well. The forests are grouped as either they are coniferous or broad-leaved, and either they are natural or planted. The broad-leaved forests are classified as they are living either on damp or dry habitat, and their foliage whether open or not. There is a separate group for mixed forests (thread by thread mixed natural forests with closed foliage, grouply mixed natural forests with closed foliage, planted mixed forests). There are categories for young forests and forest-cuttings, spontaneously shrubing-woodening habitats, damaged forests and also sapling gardens. The grasslands are very badly represented. They are diveded wheather there are trees or shrubs or not, and wheather they are intensively grazed or not. There are separate categories for