Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 2. (Csongrád, 1999.)

V. SZABÓ Gábor: A bronzkor Csongrád megyében (Történeti vázlat a készülő régészeti állandó kiállítás kapcsán)

9). These burials contained the most numerous grave-vessels of the cemetery, in which — beside the mentioned Perjámos forms — the ceramic of the Transdanubian Culture of Incrusted Pottery also appear (Fig. 7. 14-17). If we examine the rite of the inhumation graves, we find that the dead were frequently placed into the graves in a strange, contorted position. Beside the usual contraction we find dead lying face down and sitting cross-legged. To-date we can not answer the question whether the inhumation rite spread on the peripheric territories of the Vatya culture — different from the regular contracted position of the Perjámos culture — can be associated with a social or rather an ethnic group. THE KOSZI DER PERIOD AND THE TUMULUS CULTURE The period that closed the tell cultures, formed not suddenly, not bringing a total change. The antecedents and basis of the style and culture mixture experienced in this period could be observed earlier on the territories where certain cultures met geographically. Similarly, we can not consider the closing time of the period as a final point, because the influence of the ceramics, metallurgy and perhaps the economic system of the tell cultures, the communication system formed in this period can be traced until the middle part of the Late Bronze Age and kept its determining role up to the formation of the Gáva culture. At the beginning of the Koszider period a large scale amalgamation and parallelly with it a well observable uniformization started in the material and spiritual culture of the people of the Carpathian basin. As a part of this process we see the dissolution of the earlier closed burial rite of certain cultures, and the transformation of the ceramics, the well manifested amalgamation of elements of form and decoration. From the amalgamation of different elements new types of vessels were born. They became characteristic for the whole period and independent from certain cultures. A good example for this phenomenon is the vessel with a pseudo-pouring tube from grave 83 of the Csanytelek cemetery. Close relatives of this vessel are known from the territory of the Magyarád and Gyulavarsánd cultures (Fig. 18) (LŐRINCZY-TROGMAYER 1991, 8, Fig. 1. 10). In the background of the cultural mixing we suspect a process in which the tell cultures situated in the eastern part of the Carpathian basin got very closely connected. The intensifying relations refer to vivid flow of information which can be explained mainly by the outstanding activity of the change and trade. However, a little role in this process can be played by a small scale migration also. Unquestionable signs of these migrations can be observed also in the Vatya cemeteries of our county. For example the rite of cremation in pit and the lime-incrusted ceramics found in the Csanytelek cemetery mentioned above, refer to individuals or small communities moving here from Transdanubia. A good example for the amalgamation of this Incrusted Pottery Culture population is an observation made upon the material of a Vatya settlement according to which decorative and form elements of the lime-incrusted pottery are absolutely similar to their parallels known from Transdanubia. At the same time the material of the vessels is undoubtedly the same as that of the Vatya ceramics (KISS 1998,167). In the formation of the image of the Koszider period an important role was played by a population recently infiltrating to the Great Hungarian Plain, the material of which appear