Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 2. (Csongrád, 1999.)

V. SZABÓ Gábor: A bronzkor Csongrád megyében (Történeti vázlat a készülő régészeti állandó kiállítás kapcsán)

In the second half of its existence, the territory of the culture shrank. We know only a few finds from this period of the culture: some late graves from Szöreg and Deszk, the tells of Klárafalva and one outside Hungary: the tell of Pécska/Pecica (YU). THE VATYA CULTURE On the western and northern periphery of the Perjámos culture, starting from the 4

th

—5

th period (Middle Bronze Age 2) of the Szöreg cemetery the find assemblages of the Vatya culture appear. The finds from county Csongrád are not older than phase III of Vatya, and most of them belong to the Koszider period. The sites of the Vatya culture from county Csongrád are concentrated around Csongrád and south of the town, on the right bank of Tisza, up to the line of Kömpöc-Ópusztaszer (SZÉNÁSZKY 1977, Fig. 18). We know sporadic sites even more to the south — surprisingly enough these are sites situated on the left bank of the Tisza that earlier belonged to the Perjámos culture: in Mártély-Szegfű beside inhumation graves dated to the early phase of the Perjámos culture (Szöreg 1-2) inhumation and cremation burials from phase III of Vatya and from the Vatya-Koszider period were found (V. SZABÓ 1997, 71). The only settlement material of the culture found in the county is the one from Csongrád-Vidresziget. Finds of the two-layer, multi-levelled settlement from Baks-Homokbánya are Still unpublished (RégFüz 1966, 7; GOLDM

AN-SZÉNÁSZK

Y 1971; KISS 1998, Fig. 3. 3-5, Fig. 4, Fig. 5. 1-3). We can gather much more information on the specialities of the Vatya culture in our region on the basis of the cemeteries excavated in our county. Some of the cemeteries investigated in Csanytelek (LŐRINCZY-TROGMAYER 1995), Csongrád-Vidresziget (SZÉNÁSZKY 1977), Csongrád-Saroktanya (SZÉNÁSZKY 1977) show a close relationship both in the burial rite and ceramic material. In all of the three cemeteries cremation (Fig. 9) — in Csanytelek even a cremation burial in pit (Fig. 9. 3) — and inhumation graves (Fig. 8) were found. Vessels found as grave-goods also show a twofold character: most of them belong to the usual ceramic material of the late Vatya culture: urns with cornet shaped neck, small cups with one handle and the so-called Swedish helmet shaped bowls. The other part of the pottery reminds the late period of the Szőreg cemetery and the material of the tells from Klárafalva and Pécska: decorated jugs with one or two handles and big vessels with cone-frustum shaped bottom, roundish body and arched or cornet shaped neck. Despite of the accented presence of Perjámos elements in the examined cemeteries, the features of the Vatya culture dominate, so their cultural attribution is undoubtable. Urn burials usually have Vatya character (Fig. 7. 1-5), and inhumation graves in most cases do not have any grave-goods, only in some cases one or two cups were found in them. However, formal analogies of the cups found beside the skeletons can be observed both in Vatya (Alpár: BÓNA-NOVÁKI 1982, XLVIII. 10) and Perjámos (e.g. Szöreg: BÓNA 1975, Taf. 1

13. l, 4-5,9 etc.; Pécska: SOROCEANU 1991, Taf. 22. 10-21). In the Perjámos graves it is much more characteristic, that three vessels (a bowl, a small and a big vessel with handles) were placed into the grave. Pottery types of the late period of the Szöreg cemetery can be best related to the forms of the Csanytelek cremations in pits (grave 68, 82-83, 86) (Fig. 7. 6-