Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 2. (Csongrád, 1999.)

V. SZABÓ Gábor: A bronzkor Csongrád megyében (Történeti vázlat a készülő régészeti állandó kiállítás kapcsán)

blages of the same period found east of Tisza (Alföld and Partium). Here, these assemblages involve clear late Tumulus - early Urnenfelder vessel types. A part of the gravevessels show that the local community had close connections with Transdanubian ethnic elements belonging to the late Tumulus - early Urnenfelder culture (TROGMAYER 1963. 100103, 108-109; KEMENCZEI 1975, 54-56; NEBELSICK 1994, 315-317), but the Other part can be characterized by the specialities of the proto-Gáva development described above. So, the latter part refer to the existence of a population representing the traditions of the Tumulus culture of the Great Hungarian Plain (V. SZABÓ 1996, 26-27, 38). We can separate two chronological groups inside the cemetery. Among the grave-goods of the earlier one we find a lot BC-BD features, while the younger burials contain the characteristic ceramic and metal finds of the HA1 period (NEBELSICK 1994, 315-316; v. SZABÓ 1996, 28). As a result of the homogenization that began in the BD period, in the HA1 period almost in whole territory of the Great Hungarian Plain a new material culture has been formed: the Gáva culture, that incorporated all the earlier local specialities of the Alföld. According to our present knowledge the inner chronology of the culture is still unresolved, so its earliest finds can not be reliably separated from the mass of its finds. We meet a similar unresolved problem trying to separate the territorial groups of the Gáva culture. Find assemblages found and published in the Great Hungarian Plain and its periphery lack those characteristic forms and decorations on the basis of which we were able to define regional versions. Cultures belonging to the Gáva technocomplex produce on the whole territory of the culture pottery with uniform forms and decorative motifs. Finds of the Gáva culture unearthed in county Csongrád (V. SZABÓ 1996, 31-36) belong to the circle of classical pottery known from the Hungarian, East Slovakian and Northwestern Transylvanian territories of the culture (Fig. 15-16). The East Hungarian homogeneous material of the culture is in a very close connection with the pottery of the Reci-Medias culture spread in the inner parts of Transylvania. It has a lot of connections out of the North Carpathians, with the Gáva forms of the Lausitz culture, and with the GränicestiGáva-Holihrady culture that förmed on the eastern edge of the Carpathians. As an evidence of the very intensive relationship between the distant regions of the cultural circle described above, we can refer to the striking similarity of urns found in Hódmezővásárhely-Kopáncs (Fig. 15. 1) (V. SZABÓ 1996, Fig. 31. 1) and in the Transylvanian Réty/Reci (SZÉKELY 1966, Pl. II. 4.). The territory of county Csongrád south of the Maros belonged already to the periphery of the Gáva culture. The influence of the neighbouring territories is seen e.g. on some vessel forms from Szöreg (V. SZABÓ 1996, Fig 51. l, 3, Fig. 54. I.), the relative circle of which can be found in another big complex situated south of the Gáva circle, in Bánát and Vojvodina: Bobda II-Susani-Ticvaniul Mare-Karaburma III—

Belegiç II, and in South Oltenia: Hinova-Mala Vrbica circle. The closest parallels of the vessels from Szőreg were found in the Romanian Bánát: Bégaszuszány/Susani and Nagytikvány/Ticvaniul Mare (V. SZABÓ 1996,40). The highest density of the Gáva settlements can be found in the flood area of big riers, but they also occupied the territory of the loess plateaus along the brooks of east-west direction. The latter was not inhabited at all or only scarcely in the earlier periods. So, the peasant communities of the culture occupied a biosphera which was out of use in the ear-