Tóth Arnold (szerk.): Néprajz - muzeológia: Tanulmányok a múzeumi tudományok köréből a 60 éves Viga Gyula tiszteletére (Miskolc, 2012)
TÖRTÉNETI FORRÁSOK NÉPRAJZI ÉRTELMEZÉSÉNEK LEHETŐSÉGEI - FILEP ANTAL: Néprajzi irodalmunk szenesházának történeti előzményei Adalékok kora újkori lakáskultúránkhoz
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF OUR ETHNOGRAPHICAL LITERATURE'S "SZENESHÁZ" Datum to our Early Modern House Culture In 1911 it has been written in the Hungarian research that in the area of Slavonia, between the rivers Drava and Sava there are Reformed / Calvinist villages remaining in an island-like way from the Middle Ages, in which one of the rooms of the houses is called "Szenesház" (hereafter referred to as Coalhouse). The stoves of baking and cooking were located in this place. This was the place where the bread-baking oven of the family economy was constructed and the stove of the living room was also insulated by it. It later turned out that the coalhouse linguistic form was also known and used in the first half of the 20" 1 century in the Hungarian villages of South-Baranya located on the north side of the river Drava. To understand this combined word it is necessary to know that the Hungarian "szén" (coal) word originally meant the tinder that was used to start fires, later it meant the procedure of setting a fire. In the Middle Ages fire itself was solidly understood by it. but its meanings also incorporated ember which was indicated with the "eleven szén" (living coal) adjectival structure. Cooled ember was expressed as "aludt szén" ("sleeping coal'Vcooled ember). The forming of the "faszén" (coal) meaning was simply due to the wearing out of the adjective. The coalhouses were often called "tüzesházak" (firehouses) in other regions. The 1930s' synthesis creating ethnical research thought that the medieval population of South-Transdanubia and Slavonia have developed a specifically evolving house type. One of the distinctive materials, linguistic objectivities of these would have been the coalhouse. The coalhouse word combination was thought to be a dialectical feature of a narrower region. From the author's examinations it turned out that the coalhouse expression form was widespread throughout almost the whole Hungarian speech area. This is evincible from 1548. In archives of aristocratic families' castles and mansions, it is often mentioned until the end of the 17 ,h century. These were than comfortably arranged. The archives often mention the "lord's coalhouse", but there is also data that it shows up in the salt mining sites and also in the residential areas of employees of the former estates coalhouses were found by the creators of the long-ago records. It was discovered that the 20 , h century vernacular word was being used by the whole linguistic community; it was part of the public culture. Only later, secondarily did it become a characteristic of popular culture and the modernisation that started from the 18 , h century drove it back to a small area, making it an isolated dialectic phenomena. Ethnography, the European ethnographic research cannot be devoid of thorough historical, linguistic historical examinations. The research of culture can only promise consistent achievements through the interdisciplinary clarification of historical, social coherencies. [Translated by the author] Antal Filep 457
