Gyulai Éva - Viga Gyula (szerk.): Történet - muzeológia : Tanulmányok a múzeumi tudományok köréből a 60 éves Veres László tiszteletére (Miskolc, 2010)

MEDIEVISZTIKA - Dénes György: III. Béla király végrendelete - Aliz antiochiai hercegnő Torna birtokosa

King Béla Ill's testament Alice of Antioch, mistress of the Torna estate After occupying southern Italy in the mid-11th century, Robert Guiscard, commander of the Norman-French troops, installed himself as the Duke of Apulia. His son, Boamund of Taranto, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, captured and occupied Antioch, one of the major fortified towns of the Near East and became rider of Antioch in 1099. He was followed on the throne by his son, Boamund II, who was succeeded by his daughter Constance. Constance gave birth to seven children from her two marriages; her youngest daughter, Alice, was born in the late 1150s. Her father, Raynald of Chätillon. was taken prisoner by the Muslims; her mother died a few years later. Together with her sister Agnes, she fled to their elder sister Mary. Queen of Byzantium. Agnes married Prince Béla of Hungary, who ascended the Hungarian throne in 1172 as King Béla III. In 1182. after the Byzantine Emperor's death, his cousin, pretender to the throne, murdered the widowed queen and her son, the young emperor. It seems likely that Princess Alice fled to her other sister, Agnes, who was by then Queen of Hungary, at this time. When the queen died a few years later. King Béla swore a solemn oath at her deathbed that he would take good care of her sister. In 1196. when the army for the Second Crusade was assembled, King Béla III vowed that he too would lead an army to the Holy Land. His sickness prevented him from fulfilling this oath. Before his death, he made known his wishes regarding the throne and his possessions, and he also fulfilled his earlier obligations. He left the throne and the royal revenues to Imre, his elder son, and he requested that Imre should support Alice too. His younger son. András, inherited castles, extensive estates and treasures, and the obligation to lead an army to the Holy Land in his stead. King Imre fulfilled his father's wish, and donated the rich Torna estate to Alice together with villages and their servicing peoples. In 1204. Alice married Azzo VI, Count of Este. György Dénes 346