Dobrossy István szerk.: A miskolci Avas (Miskolc, 1993)

A miskolci Avas (összegezés angolul) (Dobrossy István)

attractive cellars remained in the area of Kisavas and Mély valley, often with two-storied taverns. Looking up to the Avas from the town these cellars have an important role in forming the atmosphere and the view of the town. The descriptions of the close of the century as well as the drawings and photos recalling the mood of the beginning of the 20th century show that the raws of wine cellars were in their days of glory at that time. The major part of cellar holes had already been scooped out in the 14-15th centuries, the taverns in front of the cellars, the appearance of which have changed so many times, were formed much later. The northern and eastern parts of the Avas fit in well with the view of the valuable monuments of the inner city. The change in the sight can be followed on the illustrations of the landscape. Starting from the years of 1800 the representation of the Avas appears on the charters of incorporations for almost a century, and the change is perceivable over a half century as well. A picture made in 1854 shows the Avas, this formation, which cannot be really called as mountain in the foreground of the surrounding mountains. However the edifices are distinctly visible: the Church of Avas, the bell-tower as well as the chapel on the Avaspeak that still could be seen at that time. The same could be seen on the engraving made by Rohbock in 1860, this is the most beautiful representation on Miskolc in the 19th century. The integration of the Avas into the town was as natural as possible and this inherence was often expressed in an idealized way. In this case the distorsion of proportions was remissible. Two decades later the Avas appears on photos as well. The photos of Miskolc, taken from different points of the town can be used as documents of source value by the investigators. The pictures clearly show that the foothill was settled around. The former separate „circle of settlements" has become the „Big Miskolc", assimilating the neighbouring settlements. The hill was gradually surrounded by the pressure of the big city born under constraint. The Avas should have played leading role in the „Big Miskolc" concept. Finally it did not, however it has not lost its importance over the past quorter of the century. (The openair theatre, the monument-park, the funicular railway intended to be a great touristical attraction were not implemented, but a look-out tower has been constructed, a tourist-hostel were operated for a few years, as well as numerous restaurants of good reputation.) After the Peace Treaty of Trianon, Miskolc was the only town in the North-Hungarian region deprived of Kosice being „sentenced to be developed", and the creation of the metropolis at the foothill of the Avas was made imperative. The process required sudden developments in the field of industry, trade and science and culture, last but not least in the field of tourism. In order to receive supports granted by the government it had to be proved that the settlements surrounding the Avas historically belonged together. In the spirit of this concept the Avas was put into the center of regional development. The concept contained a large-scale project: a main road of 22 m wied, satisfying the requirements of transport even in our days would connect the Avas with Tapolca and the bank of the river Sajó. Numerous other ideas of the „Big Miskolc" concept could not even been implemented owing to the war but subsequently the bases of the today's town have arisen from eleven settlement structural unit. In 1949 when the new general plan of