Műemlékek B.-A.-Z. megyében (Miskolc, 1988)

Idegennyelvű összefoglalók - Historic Buildings in County Borsod-Abaúj Zemplén

The fortresses privatized under the last king of the house of the Árpáds, such as the above mentioned ones, too, were reconquered from the revolting oligarchs by King Charles Robert of the Angevins, only Sigmundus of Luxemburg bestowed a great part of them on his supporters in about 1400. King Charles Robert seized from his opponents the first stone fortress of Diósgyőr belonging today to Miskolc, which was built about 1310 on the place of an ancestral earthwork and had an oval trace and a round tower on both ends. In the mid 14th century, his son, Louis the Great had the out-of-date and tight fortress pulled down and erected a square trace, excellent Gothic royal castle with four high towers on its corners, on the plato of the rock. The big yard within these, were surrounded by palace wings. In the north wing, above the entrance, there was a huge cross vaulted hall of the knights, and in the west wing - a two-floor chapel. On the upper floor of the other wings rooms and halls were situated. Round the moated fortresshill an external wallcircle was later erected with gates embraced by towers on four sides, of the wall, to which bridges led over the moats. Under King Matthias the Corvin, gala stairs were built from the west gate to the entrance of of the upper castle. Among the owner queens, Mary of the Habsburgs lived here the last. From the mid 16th century, it became the pledge estate of the aristoctrats, who strengthened the fortress with bastions against the Turkish. During the fights of the 1 7th century, it got increasingly neglected and completely ruined by the end of the 18th century. Since its exploration and restoration, the remains of its external defence circle can again be seen, and in between the internally restored towers, the first floor rooms of the palace wings are well reconizable, such as the chapel, too. On the ridge of a steep rock in the valley of river Hernád, the fortress of Boldogkő picturesquely rises whose walls largely still stand, in spite of the decay. From its slim, round gatehouse built to the rock wall, a wall pass (zwinger) leads up to the drive-way of the upper castle. Its five floor donjon built on a narrow summit in the 1 3th century, was destroyed in the late 1 7th century, but its two floor long palace wing still exists which ends in a beak design, triangular bastion tower. Within the restored walls of this wing a toursits' hotel has been established. Regéc in the neighbourhood and Szádvár on the north west of the county, in 400 years from the late 1 3th century, grew into the biggest fortresses, consisting of several parts, while finally, in 1685, at the order of the Vienna Military Council, following Thököly's war of independence, were destroyed. From their remaining ruined walls, their contemporary design can still be recognized, but the splendid vaulted or wood ceiling halls and their rich furniture are evidenced only by the 17th century inventories.