Szabadfalvi József szerk.: Néprajzi tanulmányok a Zempléni-hegyvidékről (A miskolci Herman Ottó Múzeum néprajzi kiadványai 10. Miskolc, 1965)

Diószagi Zsuzsa–Barna Gábor: Komlóskai mondák

38. „A halottak szelleme megjelenik kutya, macska és nyúl alakjában. Mentem a fonóból haza, álmos voltam, ezért korábban indultam haza. Megláttam, hogy az úton egy nyúl futott át eló'ttem és a közelben nem is volt nyúl." {Fekete Rozália, 29 éves) LEGENDS FROM KOMLÓSKA (Abstract) The ancestors of the Ruthene population of Komlóska, lying on the territory of the earlier Zemplén county, moved to their habitation site, most probably, in the 17th c. They consider themselves Slovakian or Ruthene. They say they speak po ruski (in Russian), sometimes they mention it as Slovakian or po komlóski (in Komlóska language). The population of the village is Uniate. This short study deals with the historical traditions of the settlement and with the myths. The historical traditions, legends are in closest connection with Pusztavár in the end of the village and also with the Rákóczi (Kuruts) legendary cycle. The traditions concerning the origin of the settlement are also concentrated around these two centres. The legends have préserved the memory of the late landowners. The mixing of the different historical ages, of the events and persons, the inverse of historical sequence are characteristic of the legends from Komlóska, just like of the historical traditions of peasantry in general. Traditions associated with certain ages and.persons (e.g. King Mathias, War of Liberty in 1848, Lajos Kossuth) are totally missing. Though this study deals only with historical legends and does not speak about historical events not showing back in legends we can gain important informations about life (building, economical life, weaving and spinning etc.) of the last centuries as well. The cycle of myths is more important in the Komlóska traditions than the historical legends. Most of them are about the witch {bosor, vid'ma). We can find all the important elements of witch-belief in these stories: the changes of form, the way of their recognition and averty, their charming, and the healing of charms. There are many stories about the witch turned into a horse and being shoed. Beside the witch the man in hat (cövek v kolpaku) and the student {dák) are considered to have supernatural power. On the other hand the shaman of the Hungarian myths just like tha scolar man of myths are totally missing and the form of dead-seer is rarely to be found thogh the cult of the dead has been strong up till now. The world of the supernatural beings is much richer. The large figour (velik obraz) or the zvontik charms the stock. The creature of the Komlóska myths called mamula comes from the soul, the spirit of the dead. It decoys people going on the road, while itself remains invisible. The phantom called Strasko being able to appear in the form of several animals is also present in the death cult. A highly dramatic diction is characteristic of the Komlóska legends. The characters of the myths are often concrete persons. This concretisation tends to support the authenticity of the story and also of the supernatural. Usually men have larger knowledge from among people owning supernatural power. 293