Csengeri Piroska - Tóth Arnold (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 55. (Miskolc, 2016)
Régészet - B. Hellerbrandt Magdolna: A Gáva-kultúra települése Köröm-Kápolna-dombon
124 B. Hellebrandt Magdolna T. Kemenczei dated the Gáva Culture to the Ha AI period (KEMENCZEI 1984, 86), while Gábor V. Szabó suggested a dating to the Ha A2-B1 period (V. SZABÓ 2004,137). The finds of Köröm-Kápolna-domb resemble those discovered at Muhi-3. kavicsbánya; J. Koós dated the latter site to the Ha A1 period and associated it with the pre-Gáva complex, based on V. Szabó’s research (KOÓS 2015, 148). Settlement patterns that, in all probability, have eastern roots, such as the storage pits and the animal figurines connected to rituals and beliefs, are of special interest in terms of how the Gáva Culture emerged. Customs on this everyday level are usually most conservative. Kurt Horedt prepared a provenance map of Gáva Culture pottery (HOREDT 1967, Fig. 3), showing that these artifacts were present from Barca to Alsóberecki, Gáva and southeast Romania. When the site of Teleac was published, the probable dating of the Gáva Culture was specified as the Ha A1-A2 period, that is, the 12th—11th century BC (VASILIEV—ALDEA—CIUGUDEAN 1991, 187). The Gáva Culture itself was divided into three main periods (1—III), and its assemblages in present-day Slovakia, Hungary and Transylvania have been discussed in these terms (CIUGUDEAN 2011, 2, Fig. 3). Research history shows that the chronology and emergence of Gáva Culture is addressed over ad over again by archaeologists in the light of newly published datasets. Most recently, Attila László (LÁSZLÓ 1973, 575—609), Tibor Bader (BADER 2012, 7—22), and András Kalli (KALLI 2014, 122) discussed this question. In her summarizing work, C. Metzner-Nebelsick dated the finds associated with the Gáva Culture and brought to light from northeast Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Szabolcs-Szatmár- Bereg Counties), Romania (Szatmárnémeti and Máramaros Counties), and east Slovakia, to the Rb BD — Ha A1 period (METZNER-NEBELSICK 2012, 3—74). This geographic region, in all probability, covers the area on which the Gáva Culture had impact in the given period. The settlement excavated at Köröm-Kápolna-domb fits into this chronological framework. The remains of rust, found on a piece of slag, also suggest this dating, as its analogies are known from Sárospatak (bronze find no. 2) (B. HELLEBRANDT 1986, 11) and Pácin (bronze find no. 4) (B. HELLEBRANDT 1989, 110; PAKSY 1989, 114-117; B. HELLEBRANDT 2003a, 286). These latter finds are dated to the Ha A1 period as well. The radiocarbon dating results of two animal bones (from features no. 20 and no. 70) only arrived after the closure of the manuscript. The Herman Ottó Museum commissioned Isotoptech Ltd. in Debrecen to examine them; the test report was made on April 26, 2017. The results are the following: 1191 (95.4%) 944 cal BC (feature no. 20), and 975 (95.4%) 832 cal BC (feature no. 70). [Translated by Kyra Lyublyanovics] Hellebrandt, Magdolna
