Csengeri Piroska - Tóth Arnold (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 55. (Miskolc, 2016)
Régészet - B. Hellerbrandt Magdolna: A Gáva-kultúra települése Köröm-Kápolna-dombon
116 B. Hellebrandt Magdolna on the inside. The vessel from feature SNR Oil (Fig. 48. 7) is a small bowl to which an everted neck was attached, with knob handles at the greatest diameter and an omphalic bottom. The small bowl from feature SNR 042 has a similar shape (Fig. 48. 5); it also resembles the two pieces found in house no. 20 (Figs. 46. 3, 6). A similar but bigger vessel is represented by a shard from feature no. 69 (Fig. 48. 1). The deep bowl from feature no. 71 also has an omphalic bottom (Fig. 48. 3); its analogies are known from Borsa (DEMETEROVA 1986, Plate I. 4). Feature no. 63 yielded a fragment of a somewhat deeper bowl (Fig. 48. 6). The bowl fragment from feature no. 3 (Fig. 48. 4) has a wide rim and ornamental incisions directed from left to right. The outside surface of the rim of the bowl fragment from feature no. 84 shows a similar decoration, although the lines are directed from right to left (Fig. 51. 7). Analogies are known from the site of Terna-Lysá stráz (BUDINSKY— MIROSSAYOVA 1992, Plate XII. 13). The fragment of a deep, rotund bowl or pot with a cylindrical neck was discovered in feature no. 40 (Fig. 48. 2). Artifacts shown in Figs. 47. 2, 6—9, Figs. 48. 11—12 and Figs. 49. 8—9 resemble hand-shaped bowls known from the Scythian period. Famps and incense burners. Pedestalled bowls are known to have been present in the oldest pottery traditions. Nándor Kalicz argued in his book on the Neolithic that the practical function of pedestalled bowls (KALICZ 1974, Fig. 16) is still to be explored. A special fragment was brought to light at Köröm from feature no. 28 (Fig. 32. 2). Its rim is inverted. The pedestal itself was tubular (Fig. 49. 1—2), although it is only partially preserved. The bowl itself is bipartite and one half is further divided into two. The top of the small dividing walls as well as the rim is decorated with oblique lines. The bowl is black on the inside. The black paint ran over the rim and is seen under the rim on the outside as well; this paint is clearly distinguishable from the original, light outside surface of the bowl. The diameter of the mouth is 19 cm, the diameter of the bottom is 5.9 cm, the object is 5.5 cm high. The artifact found in feature no. 72 is a fine, small pedestalled bowl (Figs. 49. 3—5). Its rim is everted and decorated with channels. The bottom is concave on the inside with small channels around it. The pedestal is small. The bowl is brown on the outside and black on the inside, with a mouth diameter of 26 cm. A fragment of a pedestalled bowl with thick walls was discovered in feature no. 71 (Figs. 49. 6—7). Similar vessels have been documented from Somotorská hóra (PASTOR 1958, Fig. 6). The bowl from feature no. 46 is also colored black on the inside (Figs. 49. 8—9). The somewhat inverted rim is ornamented with oblique incisions. This artifact has no pedestal. A dense substance that may have been stored in this vessel ran over the rim and left stains on the outside surface. The height of the object is 7.6 cm. Pedestalled, chalice-like artifacts were brought to light in Northwest Romania, from pit no. C63 at the site of Piricei-Kellertag (BEJINARIU 2010, Plate 19. 2). A miniature pedestalled bowl was found at Bracovce (BUDINSKY-KRICKA 1976, Fig. 6. 1), and small ones are known from Gyoma-Kádár-tanya and Poroszló-Aponhát (V. SZABÓ 2002, Fig. 17. 8, Fig. 212. 3). This pottery type was widespread in a large geographical area (V. SZABÓ 2002, Fig. 37: Type XXXI. 32, 56) and was in use for a long period of time. Such artifacts were also discovered at Lechinta de Mure§ (Rayon Ludas) in present-day Romania (HOREDT 1963, Fig. 3. 2). Small pedestalled bowls are known from the Scythian period as well. In Tápiószele, a hand-made bowl with everted rim and ornamented inside surface was found in grave no. 7; the object was dated to the second half of the 2nd century BC (KEMENCZEI 2001, cat. no. 165). This artifact was 12.5 cm high. Another analogy is known from Csanytelek-Ujhalastó (SCHOLTZ 2001, cat. no. 212). From the Celtic period, such objects have been documented at Kiskőszeg (F1UNYADY 1942-44, Plate XXXIV. 4, 8); another one is known from Borsod County in Hungary (K. VÉGH 1969, XXV. t. 5), and a third analogy was found in Csővár (HELLEBRANDT 1999, Plate III. 26). These bowls were probably used as lamps or incense burners, in which rosin and other scented substances were incinerated. Small, or even miniature vessels have also been found in settlement assemblages. One such artifact is a tiny globular vessel from feature no. 13 (Fig. 50. 13 — B. HELLEBRANDT 2015, Fig. 3. 2). This object is 2 cm high, with a mouth diameter of 4 cm, and a rim forming a wavy line. The miniature pot found in feature SNR 022 (Fig. 50. 4) is 3.5 cm high. From features no. 38 and SNR 020, small pots with wide moths and everted rims were brought to light (Figs. 50. 7, 11). They are 4.7 cm and 9.2 cm high, respectively. The small pot discovered in feature no. 20 is flower base-shaped (Fig. 50. 12) and is 6.7 cm high. The pot from feature no. 28 (Fig. 50. 14) has small, pointy knobs under the rim; this object measures 5.6 cm in height. Most of the small-sized pottery represent 5—10 cm high pots and bowls. A thin-walled black pottery fragment from feature SNR 002 (Fig. 50. 1) as well as a shiny black, delicate shard from feature no. 46 may have belonged to deep bowls with everted rims (Fig. 50. 2). Both these vessels were decorated with lines clustered into bundles. The deep bowl from feature no. 38 (Fig. 50. 9) was globular and measured 5 cm in height. A similar piece was catalogued under inv. no. 99.36.3710. The bowl from feature no. 23 (Fig. 50. 6) has almost vertical walls, although the object widens to the top, and its bottom is omphalic. Its height is 7.2 cm. Another vessel from the same feature has an inverted rim decorated with a braid pat
