A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 53. (2014)
Régészet - Szolyák Péter - Lengyel György: A Miskolc-Bársony-házi "szakócák" kutatástörténete és techno-tipológiai vizsgálata
40 Szolyák Péter-Lengyel György WILKE, Philip J.-FLENNIKEN, J. Jeffrey-OZBUN, Terry E. 1991 Clovis Technology at the Anzick Site, Montana. journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 13, No. 2, 242-272. WYMER, J. 1968 Cower Palaeolithic archaeology in Britain: as represented by the Thames Valley. John Baker: London. ZANDLER, Krisztián 2012 A paleolitikum kőiparai Eger környékén. Gesta 11,3-54. ZANDLER, Krisztián, BÉRES, Sándor 2011 Három nyíltszíni paleolit lelőhely revíziója: Bükkmogyorósd, Csokvaomány, Nekézseny. In: T. BÍRÓ Katalin—MARKÓ András (szerk.): Emlékkönyv Violának. Tanulmányok T. Dobosi Viola tiszteletére. 55-76. RESEARCH HISTORY AND LITHIC TECHNO-TYPOLOGY OF THE BIFACIAL TOOLS OF BÁRSONY’S HOUSE, MISKOLC, HUNGARY Keywords: bifacial tool, Ottó Herman, Szeletian, behavioural pattern The beginning of the Hungarian Palaeolithic Researches is signed by the three knapped stone tools, named “hand-axes” traditionally, found at the Bársony’s house in Miskolc ini 891. The artefacts were not found in a professional archaeological excavation, and the scientific documentation of the finding conditions was posterior, but they proved first authentically that the man of Ice Age also lived inside the Carpathian Basin and not just out of it. The three tools directly inspired starting systematic archaeological and paleontological researches in caves of the Bükk Mountains. Based on their dimensions and factures, they are unique in Hungary and in the whole world, but the researchers do not have the same sense regarding their typological and cultural classification and their functions. We study the cultural contexts of their flaking technology and the pattern of human behaviour, which can be seen on them. We review the possibility that the “hand-axes” could be made by the same knapper, or not. The raw materials of the tools are two different types of the Szeletian (felsitic) quartz-porphyry (= metarhyolite), which can be collected only in the environment of Bükkszentlászló village. None of the three finds answer to the criteria of typical hand-axes. These ones are bifacial tools, which was made of tabular raw material blocks and not flakes. We analysed the two larger of them, because we deem the smallest one just a tested raw material and not a real tool. We scanned the directions, spatial positions, order and dimensions of the negatives of the removals. We made a georeferencing process in the ArcGIS 10.0 software with true-to-scale drawings, so we could measure the exact dimensions of the scars, like on a map. The pattern of the scars and the technological approach of the knapping are very similar on the seemingly different tools. It may probably prove that the two larger bifacial tools were made by the same prehistoric knapper. Adapting the morphometrical analyses of the Szeletian (Bükk Mountains) and Jankovichian (Transdanut>ia) bifacial tools by Zsolt Mester to the “hand-axes” of Bársony’s house, we came to the conclusion that the “hand-axes” belonged to the Evolved Szeletian. Although the larger bifacials stand without demonstrative analogies in the prehistory, we think that they may be connected to the Palaeolithic ornamental objects by their functions like as the Solutrean huge bifacials. By the technological approach and dimensions, they are not the same, but are very close to those artefacts, which appear in the Stage 3 of making Clovis-points in North America. [Translated by the authors] Szolyák, Péter—Cengyel, György
