A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 46. (2007)

ELŐADÁSOK A VALLONOK TÖRTENETÉHEZ - Miklós Cseri: Hungarian Open Air Museum Regional unit: Markét town from Northern Hungary

exhibit in the workshop with rammed earth floor the utensils of the wheelwright's and of the cooper's trade satisfying the needs of town-people. The region supported more crafts then other areas in the country. The production organised within the guilds provided a good living to the artisans in the 19

th century. Dwelling house, Hejce The original house was built in the 18

,h century. A long and deep cellar was dug under the house with gable roof, covered with traditional roof tiles. The façade is a straight gable. A big room, a vaulted kitchen with open chimney, with a flight of steps leading to the press house and a spacious barn (with a separated stable) follow each other on the upper floor of the building. A flat stove fed from outside heats the room; the kitchen is equipped with a traditional oven standing in the middle. The cart and hay were stored in the barn and threshing took place here too. A cradle-vaulted press house is attached to the street-front of the building, where wine was sold temporarily during the last centuries. From here a vaulted staircase leads to the long, dug wine cellar. The house from Hejce together with its furnishing is very suitable to present the lifestyle of a winegrower and wine merchant in the market town in the 19

lh century. The high quality hardwood furniture and the pottery and textiles of the period suggest a true picture of the life circumstances of the family. The building proves that the stone architecture made a comeback in Northern Hungary with the help of the carpenter and mason guilds and the preserved plans and designs of earlier builders. The experiences of the older vernacular stone architecture were used as well as ornamental characteristics of historic styles (stone-frames, stone-carvings). Dwelling house, Erdőbénye The left-hand side of the Museum square is closed by the L-plan replica house from Erdőbénye. The dwelling part of the original house was built in the 1770s, the other parts after 1860. Building material was local stone. The narrow plot of land is situated on a slope. Stone frames embellish the doors and windows and the gable roof of the house is covered with tiles. The upper floor consists of living room and guest room at the street side. The kitchen has an open chimney. Later added premises follow the back room, such as pantry, press house, stable and cart-shed. The ground floor consists of a cradle-vaulted cellar and a tavern. From here we enter the vaulted wine cellar with several forks. A vaulted brick oven serves the kitchen, a green stove with flat tiles, stoked from outside, heats the first room and a brown stove with flat tiles and a cornice stands in the back room. The building revives the last period of the market town development based on viniculture before the phylloxera with devastating consequences, and presents the family of a wealthy peasant in Erdőbénye, earning additional livelihood as innkeeper and stoneworkers. The represented period is the 1880s. The heating devices and the furnishing mirror the conditions at the end of the 19

th century. In accordance with the needs of the 590