A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 46. (2007)

ELŐADÁSOK A VALLONOK TÖRTENETÉHEZ - Miklós Cseri: Hungarian Open Air Museum Regional unit: Markét town from Northern Hungary

and industrial activities of the owners. In the permanent exhibition of the Museum we wish to preserve and to present the relics of architecture, farming, society and industry history in their complexity, combined with evoking different life-styles and ways of life. The permanent exhibitions shown in the interiors of the characteristic buildings confirm the self-conscious attitude and pretentious needs of the people living in the region and prove that their fittings are different from the fixtures of a village household. Dwelling house, Tállya The first house to be erected is the replica of a house, which stood in the centre of the village of Tállya - earlier a market town - on a narrow town-plot. This is the first building on the square. The pantry, the press house and the cradle-vaulted cellar occupy the ground floor of the stone building. A second cellar, with a partly vaulted ceiling, was dug under the house. A steep flight of stairs leads to the first floor. A surbased spherical vault covers the kitchen, which had an open chimney earlier. From the passage of the kitchen we enter a smaller room in the back and a big room in the front part. The original ceiling of beams is preserved. A narrow path with steps next to the building leads from the square to the typical vineyard. People from Northern France, Walloons settled in the village in the 12

th century and gave it its name, (tailler: cutting, pruning). The ethnic composition of the village however completely changed by the 19

th century. The characteristics of the selected building make it suitable to recall the way of life of a citizen - vine-grower, wine merchant - living in a market town. The furnishing reveals a higher living standard compared to the population of other regions. High quality furniture and textiles fill the house as it used to be in the mid 19

th century. No farm buildings and stables belonged the house, since the main source of livelihood of the citizens in the market town were handicrafts, wine-trade and viniculture. The house of a craftsman, Tokaj The house built in the mid 19

th century shall be erected on the narrow plot of land as an authentic replica, following the principles and requirements of historic reconstruction. Its material is stone from Bodrogkeresztur. The yard is paved with stones as the original yard was. The gable roof covered with pinewood shingles was characteristic in the region in the mid 19

th century. A room, a cradle-vaulted kitchen with open chimney and a room for the apprentice occupy the ground floor. The workshop is on the level of the cellar. A green tile stove produced in Sárospatak heated the big room. The stove was fed from inside. The flat baking oven for four breads in the kitchen represents a type, which was generally used in the 19

th century. It was fed from outside. A cooking range kept warm the apprentice's room with earthen floor. The furnishing highlights the lifestyle of a one-generation family working in the wood industry with an apprentice. The selected period is the years around 1870. We 589