Gáti Csilla (szerk.): A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 54., 2016-2017 (Pécs, 2017)
TERMÉSZETTUDOMÁNYOK - Dénes Andrea: Vadnövények gyűjtögetése és piaci árusítása Baranya megyében egykor és ma. Etnobotanikai áttekintés és napjaink gyakorlata
Vadnövények gyűjtögetése és piaci árusítása Baranya megyében... 103 Harvesting and selling wild plants in Baranya county once and today. Ethnobotanical overview and the current practice Andrea Dénes In many countries of Europe more and more attention is paid to the popular use of ethnobiology, including the use of wild plants. It is important to recall the forgotten practice and document the traditions and experiences that have survived but are still on the verge of extinction. ?e proportion of natural habitats in the varied plain and hilly landscapes of Baranya county is still high in a Hungarian comparison, the landscape thus having provided an excellent opportunity for gathering herbs in all times. ?ere are surveys available from almost everywhere within the multinational county, made in times (a?er 1925) when the use of wild plants was still better remembered and for some species were still practiced by interviewees. Data from the analysed literary sources are complemented with interviews conducted between 2012–2016 and with market sales recordings in the county capital (Pécs). Based on the data from the past and present, there are information on the collection of 199 wild plant species in the county, of which 167 species were recorded before 1980 and 102 during the data collection between 2012 and 2016. A total of 76 species were collected as medicinal herbs, while altogether 52 species were harvested as wild edible plants or spices. ?e number of species used as wildflowers (wildflower decorations) is significant (98 species). A total of 130 wild plants were shown to be sold in the markets. Market sales figures – especially those of gathered wildflowers – is still significant (82 species) today, but the species have largely been replaced in the meantime. Among the data of species harvested as medicinal herbs, o?en there are many listed as infusion herbs such as Achillea sp., Centaurium erythraea , Agrimonia eupatoria , Matricaria chamomilla , Verbascum sp., Rosa canina , Crataegus spp., Urtica dioica , Equisetum arvense , Plantago lanceolata , Malva neglecta , Tilia spp. ?e most popular plant used in the county for herbal infusion was perhaps the “mecseki tea”, Melittis melissophyllum , of which even medicinal candies were made. For external use Dioscorea communis , Symphytum officinale , Chelidonium majus are listed among the data. Of the wild fruits Rubus fruticosus , Fragaria spp ., Cerasus avium , Cornus mas , Malus sylvestris , Pyrus pyraster , Sambucus nigra , S. ebulus were and are still being used. One peculiarity is the consumption of Crataegus nigra , the “sour hawthorn”. Several other fruits of the forest and shrub species were harvested as food: Fagus sylvatica , Quercus sp., Corylus avellana , C. colurna , Juglans
