Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 30-31 (1985-1986) (Pécs, 1987)

Régészet - Vörös István: The animal remains from the Roman imperial period of Kővágószőlős

ANIMAL REMAINS FROM KŐVÁGÓSZŐLŐS 245 Main zoological features of the species Cattle The dimensions of 143 cattle bones found at Kővágószőlős may be used for characterizing this species. The cattle bones I have arranged in size-groups, irrespective of the sex of the deceased animal. This method enabled me to compare topographically and chronologically different heaps of bones on the basis of their absolute size, i.e. whether they belonged to the micro-, meso-, macro- or the extra variant, and also to determine the distribution of these variants according to the find-spots. In the Tables, the find-spots are abbreviated as follows: V — villa, aV — about villa, Bv — burial vault, LR — Late Roman settlement. Two of the few horn cores found at the site represented the small size-group, one was medium-sized, and one fragment belonged to a large variant. The two latter came from an LR. Scapulae: V and aV: 1 meso-sized in each; LR: 2 meso- and 5 macro-sized. Humerus dist. epiph. V: micro (67 mm) and macro; aV: macro (90 mm); LR: meso (71 mm). Radius prox. epiph. V and aV: micro (69 mm), 2 macro (83—87 mm) and 2 extra (90 mm) ; Bv : 1 macro (87 mm); LR: micro (66 mm), 2 macro (81—82 mm), 2 extra (93—94 mm). Metacarpus prox. epiph.: V and aV: 1 micro (49 mm), 3 meso (56—58 mm) and 3 macro (61—64 mm); LR: 2 meso (55—57 mm), 1 macro (63 mm) and 1 extra (68 mm). Metacarpus dist. epiph.: V and aV: 2 meso (59—60 mm), 1 macro (66 mm) and 1 extra (71 mm); Bv: 1 macro (65 mm); LR: 1 meso (58 mm) and 1 extra (69 mm). Tibia dist. epiph.: V: 1 meso (69 mm); LR: 1 micro (55 mm), 2 meso (62—68 mm) and 2 extra (70—74 mm). Metatarsus prox. epiph.: V and aV: 4 meso (48—49 mm) and 1 macro (55 mm); LR: 2 meso (48—49 mm), 1 macro (53 mm) and 1 extra (59 mm). Metatarsus dist. epiph.: V and aV: 1 meso (54 mm) and 3 macro (60—65 mm); LR: 2 meso (55—57 mm) and 1 extra (70* mm); Bv: 1 meso (53 mm) and 1 macro (60 mm). Breakdown according to the length of the osphalangis I: V n—14 55.0 limit 50.0-61.0 mm aV n- 6 54.5 limit 52.0-56.0 Bv n— 2 limit 52.0-61.0 LR n- 4 54.7 limit 45.0-65.0 Breakdown according to the length of the os phalangis II: V n- 6 33.4 limit 33.0-40.0 mm aV n- 5 37.6 limit 36.0-41.0 LR n- 2 limit 36.0-38.0 Breakdown according to the length of the astragalus: V 4 meso (61 — 67 mm), 3 macro (71—74 mm) aV 3 meso (65—69 mm), 4 macro (71—74 mm) Bv 1 macro (74 mm) LR Í micro (56 mm) Breakdown according to the length of the calcaneus: V 1 meso (127* mm) Bv 1 extra (143 mm) LR 1 extra (140 mm) The withers height of cattle obtained by Matolcsi's method (1970) from the length of the long-bones: Withers Body height Sex Bone Length height category Location cow rad. 260 1118 medium V bull rad. 323 1389 tall LR bull rad. 337 1450 gigantic LR cow mc 183 1103.5 medium V cow mc 198 1194 medium V bull mc 206 1304 tall V cow mc 203 1225 macro-medium aV cow mc 187 1127.6 medium LR cow mt 238 1268 macro-medium aV bull mt 250 1405 gigantic aV cow mt 233 1242 macro-medium LR cow mt 240 1280 macro-medium LR cow mt 240 1280 macro-medium LR The withers height of cows was between 1103.5 (rad)— 1280 (mt), i.e. between medium and macro height (Vörös 1982). The withers height of bulls: 1304 (mc) - 1450 (rad), i.e. between tall and gigantic height. The breakdown of the cattle bones according to the size-groups: — aV (3—4th centuries A.D.): micro variants were not represented; macro (13), meso (9), and extra (3) — V (4th century A.D.): the number of the micro variants was the highest there (7); the other bones were meso (12), macro (9) and extra (2) — Bv (4th century A.D.): only macro variants (4) — LR (4—5th centuries A.D.): the number of the extra variants was the highest there (7); the other bones were macro (14), meso (14) and micro (3) Small ruminants The Osteometrie data of 92 small ruminants provided the basis for describing the sheep and goat. Hornless, short-horned and massive spiral-horned sheep could be identified on the evidence of the first antlers. Goats with "sabre-shaped" and involute horns were also represented in the area. The dimensions of the bones were relatively uniform. The withers obtained by Teichert's method (1975) from the length of the long-bones (in mm): Bone Length Withers height hum 163 697.6 Ovis rad 160 651.2 Ovis rad 162 651.2 Ovis mc 123 602 Ovis mc 126 616.2 Ovis mc 130 635.7 Ovis mt 135 613 Ovis