Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 30-31 (1985-1986) (Pécs, 1987)

Régészet - Burger, Sz. Alice: The Roman Villa and Mausoleum at Kővágószőlős, near Pécs (Sopianae), Excavations 1977–1982

ROMAN VILLA AND MAUSOLEUM AT KŐVÁGÓSZŐLŐS 219 EVALUATION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL The following, rather unusual, classification according to base material of the rich archaeological and numismatic material recovered in the territory of the villa (Cat. I—XVI., Monetary Circulation) was worked out in view of the limitations of the extent, and also with the aim of making it synoptic. The pre-coded material enables the finds (pottery!) to be processed with computer.

69 The main groups: The task of evaluating the terra sigillata fragments was undertaken by Dénes Gabler. The breakdown of the approximately 1000 pottery fragments evaluated (Cat. II) was as follows (for the key to the signs cf. 189 f.): Colour • ш -.. .,-• A • Total Pa 102 50 10 162 Pc PAT 16 2 10 — 19 PA2 . 27 17 1 — 44 РАЗ 25 5 23 — 53 PA3 + — — 88 — 88 PA4 24 14 44 21 103 PA4 + — — 9 — 9 194 88 175 21 =478pc The yellow-red vessels (PA) bore the following decorations: brown-orange-coloured painted stripes (a); punctate and indented decoration alternating with brown-orange-coloured painted stripes (b); marbling (brown and orange-coloured) (c); indented, punctate horizontal and vertical wavy lines between painted stripes (d); incised lines and brushed decoration (e) — the latter on unpainted wares. Metallic (purplishbrownish) paint decorated some of the early-period vessels (mid-2nd century). The other main group comparised the grey wares: Colour • A Total pc PB 62 23 76 69 230 PB + — 13 13 PB1 22 3 24 34 83 PB2 6 3 28 41 78 PB3 3 14 13 30 PB3 + — 2 1 3 ,-• PB4 — 2 16 26 44 93 31 160 197 =481 pc TOTAL TS • * • • 25 PA 194 88 175 21 478 PB 93 31 160 197 481 Total: 984 pc Wares representing both the early PA and the PB groups have come to light in large quantities at the Pécs-posta site.

70 The grey wares dating from a later period, the glazed mortars and the other glazed fragments were also associable with Sopianae. The fragments of early-period pottery found in large quantities ("planished") in the villa and representing various types lead us to believe that the 2nd century potters working in the area found outlet for their wares not only in the locality, but also in the nearby town of Sopianae (selling the in the forum). GLASS FRAGMENTS (Cat. IV). Their comparatively small number and considerably bad preservation do not make these articles worthy of comparison with the remarkable rich glass material from Sopianae. The presence in this material of plate glass and window glass fragments is worthy of note (Nos 1—24). BRONZE ARTICLES (Cat. V). Of these, the fibulae (Nos 6—10) in use at the turn of the 1st—2nd centuries, the small fibula in the shape of a bird (№ 12) and the various fittings for furniture (Nos 51—63) deserve attention. The most valuable of the latter is the small statuette of a horseman (Figs. 110a-b) brought to light from the thick layer of rubble covering the flagged courtyard (N). The so-called "Venus of Kővágószőlős" must also have been discovered at this site.

71 IRON ARTICLES (Cat. VI). Besides the pottery fragments, the iron tools, implements and building tools were also represented m large numbers (Nos 1 —367).

72 The inferences on the agriculture, animal keeping and trade of the local community drawn from the iron articles recovered at Sopianae may now be amplified by the hundreds of iron articles coming from our site. The marking iron with the initials P and Q discovered in room U (site of a 4th century smithery!) is especially significant in this respect (№ 366). The other groups of articles offer a brief survey of the other personal belongings and decorative elements related to the building of the villa. The 130 coins unearthed at our sites (124 from the villa and 6 from the mausoleum) are discussed in a separate chapter. During the 4th century, the tendencies exhibited by the coins coming from this enclosed settlement are analogous with those of the currencies of Sopianae and S-Pannonia.

73 9 The thickness of the wall is a data worthy of special attention during the examination of the pottery fragments. ..-.". 0

FÜLEP 1984. 182-184. 1 Cf. Note 35 2 The nearly 400 items will be discussed in a separate paper. 3

FÜLEP 1984. 220—256. - FÜLEPBURGER 1979, BURGER 1981,