Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 14-15 (1969-70) (Pécs, 1974)

Régészet - K. Zoffmann, Zs.: Anthropological Analysis of the Cemetery at Zengővárkony and the Neolithical Lengyel Culture in SW-Hungary

58 ZS. К. ZOFFMANN Summing up the data of Table 5 we can state : 1. — The simultaneous use of the basion-bregma (17) and the porion-bregma (20) leight did not alter the results. 2. — Comparing the same groups first with Zengővárkony, then with the pooled Lengyel series, there is, except in the case of Brzesc Kujawski, no significant difference. 3. — Taking into consideration 1% of probabi1 lity and using as a basis for comparison the porion-bregma height (20), not one of the series compared to Zengővárkony attains the upper and lower limits of the significancy values. There is a significant similarity between the pooled Lengyel series and the Gemeinlebarn: series belonging to the Unetice culture from the Bronze Age and the Cernica series from the neolithic Boian culture; while, on the contrary it differs significantly from the Cretan Early — Late Mycenaean series, as well as from the Vasiljeyka II. series. 4. — Taking into consideration 5% of probability which indicates a larger and thus looser similarity, in the case of comparison made on the basis of the porionbregma height (20), in both cases there is a significant similarity with Cernica; but in Zengővárkony there is in addition a significant similarity with Brzesc Kujawski; in the pooled Lengyel series with the Corded Pottery series from Central Germany and with Cernavoda. Between the neolithic series compared on the basis of the basion-bregma height (17) no significant similarity was found in any case, but in this calculation the groups of the Corded Pottery from Central Germany and those from Cernica and Cernavoda have not been included. 5. — In the case of Zengővárkony two other series, that of the German Corded Pottery and that of the prehistoric Arène Candide — which up to now is not yet dated precisely — come near to significant simila» ity. The Dp

2 values show a certain similarity, though not a significant one, between the pooled Lengyel series and Brzesc Ku jawski, Arène Candide and Aleksandrija. By the comparison based on the basion-bragma height (17). equally distanced from the pooled Lengyel group are the Bohemian Corded Pottery series, Aleksandrija, Brzesc Kujawski, as well as the series from the Balkans and the Mediterranean: from Greece, Sicily, Sardinia and Anatoly. 6. — The three comparisons show clearly that from the Bronze Age series the Austrian Gemeinlebarn and the Bohemian Classical Unetice series are the closest, whereas the combined Bohemian Unetice series is just on the border-line of significant similarity

6

. 7. — The morphologic types selected by J. L. ANGEL (1944) from his material from Greece are shown on the lower third of Table 5, pointing to the heterogenity of the pooled Lengyel series. 8. — There is a significant or nearly significant difference between the Zengővárkony i.e. the pooled Lengyel series and the two neolithic series from Ukraine, the Pitgrave series from Rumania, the Alpine series selected by J. L. ANGEL (1944), the Bell Beaker series from Germany and the Early-Late Mycenaean series from Crete. The series grouped near the border-line oi significant similarity are, according to their taxonomic determination, a mixture of Mediterranean and Cromagnon components with sporadic occurrence of brachycranial elements (NECRASOV-CRISTESCU 1963, 1965, 1968. CHOCHOL 1964, SURNINA 1963, ZEJMO-ZEJMIS 1938, ANGEL 1951, NEMESKÉRI 1951.) On the contrary the taxonomic elements of the series figuring on the second half of Table 5 show a greater homogenity: the series with homogenous Mediterranean (SERGI 1907, ANGEL 1944. PARENTI 1963—65, 1966), brachycranial (ANGEL 1944, BACH 1964—65, CHOCHOL 1964) and with Cromagnon type (SURNINA 1961. DEBEC 1966. KONDUKTOROVA 1968) have their Dp

2 values all grouped around the significantly non-similar border-line. The resemblance of the Zengővárkony and the pooled Lengyel series with the anthropologic series of the neolithic cultures spread out partly over Central Europe and partly in the Northern Balkans (Corded Pottery — Boian and Hamangia cultures) points to the twofold ori6 The comparison of the female series of Zengővárkony was done by the same method (taking as basis the mean sigma calculated by ALEKSEEV

— DEBEC 1964 from different female series). The Zengővárkony female series shows a significant similariDy with the Gemeinlebarn series belonging to the Austrian Unetice culture (Dp

2 = 2.43 99 > P > 97.5). On account of the small number of prehistoric female series no further comparisons could be made.